Vaccine induced memory CD8+ T cells efficiently prevent viral transmission from the respiratory tract.
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INTRODUCTION: Mucosal immunization eliciting local T-cell memory has been suggested for improved protection against respiratory infections caused by viral variants evading pre-existing antibodies. However, it remains unclear whether T-cell targeted vaccines suffice for prevention of viral transmission and to which extent local immunity is important in this context.
METHODS: To study the impact of T-cell vaccination on the course of viral respiratory infection and in particular the capacity to inhibit viral transmission, we used a mouse model involving natural murine parainfluenza infection with a luciferase encoding virus and an adenovirus based nucleoprotein targeting vaccine.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Prior intranasal immunization inducing strong mucosal CD8+ T cell immunity provided an almost immediate shut-down of the incipient infection and completely inhibited contact based viral spreading. If this first line of defense did not operate, as in parentally immunized mice, recirculating T cells participated in accelerated viral control that reduced the intensity of inter-individual transmission. These observations underscore the importance of pursuing the development of mucosal T-cell inducing vaccines for optimal protection of the individual and inhibition of inter-individual transmission (herd immunity), while at the same time explain why induction of a strong systemic T-cell response may still impact viral transmission.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Artikelnummer | 1322536 |
Tidsskrift | Frontiers in Immunology |
Vol/bind | 14 |
Antal sider | 13 |
ISSN | 1664-3224 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
ID: 378942557