Protein intake, metabolic status and the gut microbiota in different ethnicities: Results from two independent cohorts
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Background: Protein intake has been associated with the development of pre-diabetes (pre-T2D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gut microbiota has the capacity to produce harmful metabolites derived from dietary protein. Furthermore, both the gut microbiota composition and metabolic status (e.g., insulin resistance) can be modulated by diet and ethnicity. However, to date most studies have predominantly focused on carbohydrate and fiber intake with regards to metabolic status and gut microbiota composition. Objectives: To determine the associations between dietary protein intake, gut microbiota composition, and metabolic status in different ethnicities. Methods: Separate cross-sectional analysis of two European cohorts (MetaCardis, n = 1759; HELIUS, n = 1528) including controls, patients with pre-T2D, and patients with T2D of Caucasian/non-Caucasian origin with nutritional data obtained from Food Frequency Questionnaires and gut microbiota composition. Results: In both cohorts, animal (but not plant) protein intake was associated with pre-T2D status and T2D status after adjustment for confounders. There was no significant association between protein intake (total, animal, or plant) with either gut microbiota alpha diversity or beta diversity, regardless of ethnicity. At the species level, we identified taxonomical signatures associated with animal protein intake that overlapped in both cohorts with different abundances according to metabolic status and ethnicity. Conclusions: Animal protein intake is associated with pre-T2D and T2D status but not with gut microbiota beta or alpha diversity, regardless of ethnicity. Gut microbial taxonomical signatures were identified, which could function as potential modulators in the association between dietary protein intake and metabolic status.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 3159 |
| Tidsskrift | Nutrients |
| Vol/bind | 13 |
| Udgave nummer | 9 |
| ISSN | 2072-6643 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2021 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
This research was funded in part by the TransAtlantic Networks of Excellence Program (33.17CVD01) from the Fondation Leducq to M.N. and K.C., I.A. and P.B.L. are supported JPI MICRODIET grant 2017 (5290510105). M.N. is supported by a personal ZONMW VICI grant 2020 [09150182010020]. This work was also supported by European Union?s Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2012-305312 (METACARDIS). Assistance Publique-H?pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) is the promoter of the clinical investigation (MetaCardis). Funding supports were also SFN (Soci?t? Fran?aise de Nutrition), F-CRIN-FORCE network for support, INSERM via ITMO, study and the Fondation pour la Recherche M?dicale (FDT202106012793). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent research institution at the University of Copenhagen partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation. The HELIUS study is conducted by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam. Both organizations provided core support for HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the European Union (FP-7), and the European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants (EIF). Grant numbers: Dutch Heart Foundation: 2010T084 (K Stronks); ZonMw: 200500003 (K Stronks); European Union (FP-7): 278901 (K Stronks); European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants (EIF): 2013EIF013 (K Stronks). Acknowledgments: Metacardis consortium collaborators: Rohia Alili, Renato Alves, Chloe Amouyal, Ehm Astrid Andersson Galijatovic, Fabrizio Andreelli, Olivier Barthelemy, Jean-Philippe Bastard, Jean-Paul Batisse, Magalie Berland, Randa Bittar, Herv? Blotti?re, Matthias Bl?her, Frederic Bosquet, Rachid Boubrit, Olivier Bourron, Mickael Camus, Cecile Ciangura, Luis Pedro Coelho Jean-Philippe Collet, Arne Dietrich, Morad Djebbar, Ang?lique Dor?, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Line Engelbrechtsen, Gwen Falony, Leopold Fezeu, Sebastien Fromentin, Pilar Galan, Nathalie Galleron, Philippe Giral, Jens Peter G?tze, Caroline Gr?nemann, Torben Hansen, Tue H Hansen? Agnes Hartemann, Bolette Hartmann, Gerard Helft, Serge Hercberg, Bridget Holmes, Jens Juul Holst, Malene Hornbak, Lesley Hoyles, Jean-Sebastien Hulot, Richard Isnard, Sophie Jaqueminet, Boyang Ji, Niklas Rye J?rgensen, Hanna Julienne, Johanne Justesen, Judith Kammer, Nikolaj Karup, Mathieu Kerneis, Jean Khemis, Lars K?ber, Ruby Kozlowski, Helle Krogh Pedersen, Michael Kuhn, V?ronique Lejard, Ivica Letunic, Florence Levenez, Christian Lewinter, Louise Manner?s-Holm, Lajos Marko, Laura Martinez-Gili Robin Massey, Nicolas Maziers, Jonathan Medina-Stamminger, Lucas Moitinho-Silva, Gilles Mon-talescot, Jens Nielsen, Michael Olanipekun, Jean-Michel Oppert, Laetitia Pasero Le Pavin, Veronique Pelloux, Christine Poitou, Nicolas Pons, Francoise Pousset, Laurence Pouzoulet, Edi Prifti, Benoit Quinquis, Jeroen Raes, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Christine Rouaul, Joe-Elie Salem, Sebastien Schmidt, Lucas Massier, Tatjana Sch?tz, Lucas Silva, Johanne Silvain, Nadja B S?nderskov, Mathilde Svendstrup, Timothy D Swartz, Thierry Vanduyvenboden, Henrik Vestergaad, Sara Vieira-Silva5, Lise Voland, Valentina Tremaroli, Stefanie Walther, Jean-Daniel Zucker.
Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded in part by the TransAtlantic Networks of Excellence Program (33.17CVD01) from the Fondation Leducq to M.N. and K.C., I.A. and P.B.L. are supported JPI MICRODIET grant 2017 (5290510105). M.N. is supported by a personal ZONMW VICI grant 2020 [09150182010020]. This work was also supported by European Union’s Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2012-305312 (METACARDIS). Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) is the promoter of the clinical investigation (MetaCardis). Funding supports were also SFN (Société Française de Nutrition), F-CRIN-FORCE network for support, INSERM via ITMO, study and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FDT202106012793). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent research institution at the University of Copenhagen partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation. The HELIUS study is conducted by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam. Both organizations provided core support for HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the European Union (FP-7), and the European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants (EIF). Grant numbers: Dutch Heart Foundation: 2010T084 (K Stronks); ZonMw: 200500003 (K Stronks); European Union (FP-7): 278901 (K Stronks); European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants (EIF): 2013EIF013 (K Stronks).
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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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