Revision of an Arctic kinorhynch species: Echinoderes svetlanae and E. tubilak are junior synonyms of E. remanei
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The kinorhynch species Echinoderes remanei (Blake, 1930) is redescribed herein, based on the material housed in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C as well as specimens collected at several other sites in the Northern Hemisphere. Echinoderes remanei is characterized by the presence of middorsal spines on segments 4 to 8 and lateroventral spines on segments 6 to 9; four pairs of glandular cell outlets type 2 on segment 2 (subdorsal, laterodorsal, sublateral, and ventrolateral), and one pair on segment 4 (subdorsal), 5 (midlateral), 8 (sublateral) and 10 (laterodorsal); lateroventral tubes on segment 5; and by sexual dimorphism expressed in lateral terminal spine lengths (in females, the lateral terminal spines are about half as long as those in males). The study also reveals that the two other species, Echinoderes tubilak Higgins & Kristensen, 1988 and Echinoderes svetlanae Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov (1999) are conspecific with E. remanei. Therefore, E. tubilak and E. svetlanae are proposed as junior synonyms of E. remanei and are synonymized with E. remanei (Blake, 1930).
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Tidsskrift | Zoologischer Anzeiger |
Vol/bind | 302 |
Sider (fra-til) | 75-89 |
Antal sider | 15 |
ISSN | 0044-5231 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Katarzyna Grzelak reports financial support was provided by Polish US Fulbright Commission. Katarzyna Grzelak reports financial support was provided by Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange. Hiroshi Yamasaki reports was provided by European Commission. Hiroshi Yamasaki reports financial support was provided by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.We would like to thank William E. Moser, Kathryn Ahlfeld, Freya Goetz, Jon Norenburg and Scott Whittaker, for invaluable help at various stages of the work during the first author's scientific visit at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, which was made possible by the Fulbright Fellowship to the United States in the academic year 2019–2020 (PL/2019/43/SR). Ken Fujimoto, Takami Morita and the captains and crews of R/V Soyo-maru (National Research Institute of Fishery Science) for kind cooperation in collecting Japanese samples. The first author was also supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange NAWA, the Bekker Programme Fellowship (PPN/BEK/2019/1/00160/00001) at the Natural History Museum of Denmark and partly by the statutory funds from the Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences (IOPAN). The second author was supported by The Synthesys + grant [DK-TAF-1229] – a program under the European Commission funded DiSSCo project, and a KAKENHI Grant (20K22670) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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