Omicron Variant-Specific Serological Imprinting Following BA.1 or BA.4/5 Bivalent Vaccination and Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Cohort Study
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Omicron Variant-Specific Serological Imprinting Following BA.1 or BA.4/5 Bivalent Vaccination and Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection : A Cohort Study. / Baerends, Eva A.M.; Reekie, Joanne; Andreasen, Signe R.; Stærke, Nina B.; Raben, Dorthe; Nielsen, Henrik; Petersen, Kristine T.; Johansen, Isik S.; Lindvig, Susan O.; Madsen, Lone W.; Wiese, Lothar; Iversen, Mette B.; Benfield, Thomas; Iversen, Kasper K.; Larsen, Fredrikke D.; Andersen, Sidsel D.; Juhl, Anna K.; Dietz, Lisa L.; Hvidt, Astrid K.; Ostrowski, Sisse R.; Krause, Tyra G.; Østergaard, Lars; Søgaard, Ole S.; Lundgren, Jens; Tolstrup, Martin.
I: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Bind 77, Nr. 11, 2023, s. 1511-1520.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Omicron Variant-Specific Serological Imprinting Following BA.1 or BA.4/5 Bivalent Vaccination and Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection
T2 - A Cohort Study
AU - Baerends, Eva A.M.
AU - Reekie, Joanne
AU - Andreasen, Signe R.
AU - Stærke, Nina B.
AU - Raben, Dorthe
AU - Nielsen, Henrik
AU - Petersen, Kristine T.
AU - Johansen, Isik S.
AU - Lindvig, Susan O.
AU - Madsen, Lone W.
AU - Wiese, Lothar
AU - Iversen, Mette B.
AU - Benfield, Thomas
AU - Iversen, Kasper K.
AU - Larsen, Fredrikke D.
AU - Andersen, Sidsel D.
AU - Juhl, Anna K.
AU - Dietz, Lisa L.
AU - Hvidt, Astrid K.
AU - Ostrowski, Sisse R.
AU - Krause, Tyra G.
AU - Østergaard, Lars
AU - Søgaard, Ole S.
AU - Lundgren, Jens
AU - Tolstrup, Martin
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Background: Continuous evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outpaces monovalent vaccine cross-protection to new viral variants. Consequently, bivalent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines including Omicron antigens were developed. The contrasting immunogenicity of the bivalent vaccines and the impact of prior antigenic exposure on new immune imprinting remains to be clarified. Methods: In the large prospective ENFORCE cohort, we quantified spike-specific antibodies to 5 Omicron variants (BA.1 to BA.5) before and after BA.1 or BA.4/5 bivalent booster vaccination to compare Omicron variant-specific antibody inductions. We evaluated the impact of previous infection and characterized the dominant antibody responses. Results: Prior to the bivalent fourth vaccine, all participants (N = 1697) had high levels of Omicron-specific antibodies. Antibody levels were significantly higher in individuals with a previous polymerase chain reaction positive (PCR+) infection, particularly for BA.2-specific antibodies (geometric mean ratio [GMR] 6.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.05-7.62). Antibody levels were further significantly boosted in all individuals by receiving either of the bivalent vaccines, but greater fold inductions to all Omicron variants were observed in individuals with no prior infection. The BA.1 bivalent vaccine generated a dominant response toward BA.1 (adjusted GMR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09-1.57) and BA.3 (1.32, 1.09-1.59) antigens in individuals with no prior infection, whereas the BA.4/5 bivalent vaccine generated a dominant response toward BA.2 (0.87, 0.76-0.98), BA.4 (0.85, 0.75-0.97), and BA.5 (0.87, 0.76-0.99) antigens in individuals with a prior infection. Conclusions: Vaccination and previous infection leave a clear serological imprint that is focused on the variant-specific antigen. Importantly, both bivalent vaccines induce high levels of Omicron variant-specific antibodies, suggesting broad cross-protection of Omicron variants.
AB - Background: Continuous evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outpaces monovalent vaccine cross-protection to new viral variants. Consequently, bivalent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines including Omicron antigens were developed. The contrasting immunogenicity of the bivalent vaccines and the impact of prior antigenic exposure on new immune imprinting remains to be clarified. Methods: In the large prospective ENFORCE cohort, we quantified spike-specific antibodies to 5 Omicron variants (BA.1 to BA.5) before and after BA.1 or BA.4/5 bivalent booster vaccination to compare Omicron variant-specific antibody inductions. We evaluated the impact of previous infection and characterized the dominant antibody responses. Results: Prior to the bivalent fourth vaccine, all participants (N = 1697) had high levels of Omicron-specific antibodies. Antibody levels were significantly higher in individuals with a previous polymerase chain reaction positive (PCR+) infection, particularly for BA.2-specific antibodies (geometric mean ratio [GMR] 6.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.05-7.62). Antibody levels were further significantly boosted in all individuals by receiving either of the bivalent vaccines, but greater fold inductions to all Omicron variants were observed in individuals with no prior infection. The BA.1 bivalent vaccine generated a dominant response toward BA.1 (adjusted GMR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09-1.57) and BA.3 (1.32, 1.09-1.59) antigens in individuals with no prior infection, whereas the BA.4/5 bivalent vaccine generated a dominant response toward BA.2 (0.87, 0.76-0.98), BA.4 (0.85, 0.75-0.97), and BA.5 (0.87, 0.76-0.99) antigens in individuals with a prior infection. Conclusions: Vaccination and previous infection leave a clear serological imprint that is focused on the variant-specific antigen. Importantly, both bivalent vaccines induce high levels of Omicron variant-specific antibodies, suggesting broad cross-protection of Omicron variants.
KW - antibodies
KW - bivalent vaccines
KW - booster vaccination
KW - COVID-19
KW - immunogenicity
U2 - 10.1093/cid/ciad402
DO - 10.1093/cid/ciad402
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37392436
AN - SCOPUS:85171966020
VL - 77
SP - 1511
EP - 1520
JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases
JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases
SN - 1058-4838
IS - 11
ER -
ID: 376501873