Influenza in Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients: Incidence and Outcomes

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Influenza is a common respiratory tract infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and complications of influenza in a large cohort of kidney and liver transplant recipients over 10 consecutive seasons. We conducted a retrospective study, including 378 liver and 683 kidney transplant recipients who were transplanted from January 1, 2010, to October 1, 2019. The data on influenza were retrieved from MiBa, which is a nationwide database that contains all of the microbiology results in Denmark. Clinical data were retrieved from patient records. Incidence rates and cumulative incidences were calculated, and risk factors were investigated using time-updated Cox proportional hazards models. The cumulative incidence of influenza in the first 5 years posttransplantation was 6.3% (95% CI: 4.7 to 7.9%). Of the 84 influenza positive recipients, 63.1% had influenza A, 65.5% were treated with oseltamivir, 65.5% were hospitalized, and 16.7% developed pneumonia. There were no significant differences in outcomes when comparing patients with influenza A and B. We found no significant effect of same-season influenza vaccination, sex, age, or comorbidities on the risk of acquiring influenza. The incidence of influenza in kidney and liver recipients is high, and 65.5% of infected transplant recipients required hospitalization. We were not able to confirm a reduction in influenza incidence or in the risk of complications associated with vaccination.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer e03226-22
TidsskriftMicrobiology Spectrum
Vol/bind11
Udgave nummer2
Antal sider7
ISSN2165-0497
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2023

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
Editor Daniel R. Perez, University of Georgia Ad Hoc Peer Reviewer Michael Owusu, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR) Copyright © 2023 Arentoft et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Address correspondence to Susanne Dam Nielsen, sdn@dadlnet.dk. The authors declare a conflict of interest. N.S.A., D.L.M., R.A., N.K., S.S.S., and A.R. did not report any conflict of interest. A.D.K. received a grant from The Danish Heart Foundation and a grant from the European Commission not related to this work. S.D.N. received a grant from the Novo Nordic Foundation. Received 17 August 2022 Accepted 9 March 2023 Published 28 March 2023

Funding Information:
N.S.A., D.L.M., R.A., N.K., S.S.S., and A.R. have no conflicts of interest to report. A.D.K. received a grant from The Danish Heart Foundation and a grant from the European Commission not related to this work. S.D.N. received a grant from the Novo Nordic Foundation.

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Arentoft et al.

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