Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries
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This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine boundaries are transgressed, suggesting that Earth is now well outside of the safe operating space for humanity. Ocean acidification is close to being breached, while aerosol loading regionally exceeds the boundary. Stratospheric ozone levels have slightly recovered. The transgression level has increased for all boundaries earlier identified as overstepped. As primary production drives Earth system biosphere functions, human appropriation of net primary production is proposed as a control variable for functional biosphere integrity. This boundary is also transgressed. Earth system modeling of different levels of the transgression of the climate and land system change boundaries illustrates that these anthropogenic impacts on Earth system must be considered in a systemic context.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | eadh2458 |
| Tidsskrift | Science Advances |
| Vol/bind | 9 |
| Udgave nummer | 37 |
| Antal sider | 16 |
| ISSN | 2375-2548 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation progr amme (grant no. 819202); German Federal MinistryforEducationandResearch(BMBF)throughthe“PIKChange”framework(grantno. 01LS2001A), and Carlsberg Foundation (Queen Margrethe’s and Vigdís Finnbogadóttir´s InterdisciplinaryResearchCentreonOcean,Climate,andSociety,CF20-0071).POEM developmentandapplicationweresupportedbytheVolkswagenFoundation(POEM-PBSim —A Simulator for Earth’s planetary boundaries, AZ 98046) and work on the biosphere functionalintegrityboundarybytheGlobalChallengesFoundation.Authorcontributions: K.R.,W .S., J.R.,andW .L. ledthestudybyconceivingandcoordinatingtheanalyses.K.R.ledthe writingprocess.J.B.,S.E.C.,J.F .D., M.D.,andI.F .(alphabeticalorder)collectedandcollateddata, synthesizedlitera ture ,supportedtheanalyses,preparedthetablesandfigures,andpro vided logistical support. The remaining authors (alphabetical order) contributed to the POEM modelingand/ortonewanalysisofindividualboundaries:G.B.(aerosols),W .v.B. (POEM),G.F . (POEM),S.F .(aerosols),D.G.(freshwater),T .G. (freshwater),M.H.(POEM),W .H. (POEM),M.K.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the European Research Council (Project Earth Resilience in the Anthropocene, ERC-2016-ADG 743080); European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 819202); German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) through the “PIK Change” framework (grant no. 01LS2001A), and Carlsberg Foundation (Queen Margrethe’s and Vigdís Finnbogadóttir´s Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Ocean, Climate, and Society, CF20-0071). POEM development and application were supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (POEM-PBSim —A Simulator for Earth’s planetary boundaries, AZ 98046) and work on the biosphere functional integrity boundary by the Global Challenges Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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