In today’s episode, we discuss the tricky concept of non-institutionalised cooperation and its relationship with EU public procurement law. For this purpose, we consider the recent ruling of the CJEU in the case of Stadt Köln. In this case, the CJEU made significant headway in clarifying some aspects of article 12(4) Directive 2014/24/EU for the first time. For desert, we stick to the theme of cooperation and discuss it in light of its role in academia.