What factors explain the changes in major depressive disorder symptoms by age group during the COVID-19 pandemic? A longitudinal study
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What factors explain the changes in major depressive disorder symptoms by age group during the COVID-19 pandemic? A longitudinal study. / Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina; Varga, Tibor V.; Moneta, María Victoria; Ayuso-Mateos, José Luis; Lara, Elvira; Olaya, Beatriz; Haro, Josep Maria; Domènech-Abella, Joan.
In: Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 328, 2023, p. 72-80.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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T1 - What factors explain the changes in major depressive disorder symptoms by age group during the COVID-19 pandemic? A longitudinal study
AU - Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina
AU - Varga, Tibor V.
AU - Moneta, María Victoria
AU - Ayuso-Mateos, José Luis
AU - Lara, Elvira
AU - Olaya, Beatriz
AU - Haro, Josep Maria
AU - Domènech-Abella, Joan
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Background: Data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest an increase in major depressive disorder (MDD) among younger adults. The current study aims to assess the association of age groups and MDD risk before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and quantify the effect of potential mediating variables such as loneliness, social support, resilience, and socioeconomic factors. Methods: A representative sample of Spanish adults was interviewed before (2019, N = 1880) and during (2020, N = 1103) the COVID-19 pandemic. MDD was assessed using the CIDI, loneliness through the UCLA scale, social support through the OSSS-3, resilience with the 6-BRS, and worsened economic circumstances and unemployment through a single question. Mixed-models were used to study changes in MDD by age group. Regression models were constructed to quantify the association between age and potential mediators, as well as their mediating effect on the association between age group and MDD. Results: Among the younger age cohorts (18-29 and 30-44 years) the probability of having MDD during the pandemic increased from 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.002-0.09) to 0.25 (0.12-0.39) and from 0.02 (-0.001-0.03) to 0.11 (0.04-0.17), respectively. Some 36.6 % of the association between age and risk of MDD during the pandemic was explained by loneliness (12.0 %), low resilience (10.7 %), and worsened economic situation (13.9 %). Limitations: Reliance on self-report data and generalizability of the findings limited to the Spanish population. Conclusions: Strategies to decrease the impact of a pandemic on depressive symptoms among young adults should address loneliness, provide tools to improve resilience, and enjoy improved financial support.
AB - Background: Data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest an increase in major depressive disorder (MDD) among younger adults. The current study aims to assess the association of age groups and MDD risk before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and quantify the effect of potential mediating variables such as loneliness, social support, resilience, and socioeconomic factors. Methods: A representative sample of Spanish adults was interviewed before (2019, N = 1880) and during (2020, N = 1103) the COVID-19 pandemic. MDD was assessed using the CIDI, loneliness through the UCLA scale, social support through the OSSS-3, resilience with the 6-BRS, and worsened economic circumstances and unemployment through a single question. Mixed-models were used to study changes in MDD by age group. Regression models were constructed to quantify the association between age and potential mediators, as well as their mediating effect on the association between age group and MDD. Results: Among the younger age cohorts (18-29 and 30-44 years) the probability of having MDD during the pandemic increased from 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.002-0.09) to 0.25 (0.12-0.39) and from 0.02 (-0.001-0.03) to 0.11 (0.04-0.17), respectively. Some 36.6 % of the association between age and risk of MDD during the pandemic was explained by loneliness (12.0 %), low resilience (10.7 %), and worsened economic situation (13.9 %). Limitations: Reliance on self-report data and generalizability of the findings limited to the Spanish population. Conclusions: Strategies to decrease the impact of a pandemic on depressive symptoms among young adults should address loneliness, provide tools to improve resilience, and enjoy improved financial support.
KW - COVID-19 pandemic
KW - Depression
KW - Economic situation
KW - Loneliness
KW - Resilience
KW - Young
U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.042
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.042
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36806591
AN - SCOPUS:85148374216
VL - 328
SP - 72
EP - 80
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
SN - 0165-0327
ER -
ID: 342659399