Vitamin A fortification quality is high for packaged and branded edible oil but low for oil sold in unbranded, loose form: Findings from a market assessment in Bangladesh
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Vitamin A fortification quality is high for packaged and branded edible oil but low for oil sold in unbranded, loose form: Findings from a market assessment in Bangladesh. / Jungjohann, Svenja M; Ara, Gulshan; Pedro, Catia; Friesen, Valerie M; Khanam, Mansura; Ahmed, Tahmeed; Neufeld, Lynnette M; Mbuya, Mduduzi N N.
In: Nutrients, Vol. 13, No. 3, 794, 2021.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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T1 - Vitamin A fortification quality is high for packaged and branded edible oil but low for oil sold in unbranded, loose form: Findings from a market assessment in Bangladesh
AU - Jungjohann, Svenja M
AU - Ara, Gulshan
AU - Pedro, Catia
AU - Friesen, Valerie M
AU - Khanam, Mansura
AU - Ahmed, Tahmeed
AU - Neufeld, Lynnette M
AU - Mbuya, Mduduzi N N
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Although mandatory fortification of oil with vitamin A is efficacious, its effectiveness can be compromised by suboptimal compliance to standards. In this study, we assessed (1) the availability of oil brands across the eight divisions of Bangladesh, (2) fortification quality (the extent to which vitamin A content is aligned with fortification standards) of oil brands and producers and (3) the market volume represented by available edible oil types. We visited different retail outlets in rural and urban market hubs to ascertain available oil brands and bulk oil types and collected samples. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to quantify average vitamin A content and compared them to the national oil fortification standards. Among the 66 packaged brands analyzed, 26 (39%) were not fortified, and 40 (61%) were fortified, with 28 (42%) fortified above the standard vitamin A minimum. Among the 41 bulk oil type composites analyzed, 24 (59%) were not fortified, and 17 (41%) were fortified, with 14 (34%) fortified below and 3 (7%) fortified above the standard minimum. Vitamin A fortification is high for packaged and branded edible oil but low for oil sold in unbranded, loose form. As bulk oil makes up a large proportion of the oil market volume, this means the majority of the oil volume available to the population is either not (25%) or fortified below the standard requirement (39%). Regulatory inspections of producers selling bulk oil should be prioritized to support and incentivize the industry to make all oil traceable and fortified to standard.
AB - Although mandatory fortification of oil with vitamin A is efficacious, its effectiveness can be compromised by suboptimal compliance to standards. In this study, we assessed (1) the availability of oil brands across the eight divisions of Bangladesh, (2) fortification quality (the extent to which vitamin A content is aligned with fortification standards) of oil brands and producers and (3) the market volume represented by available edible oil types. We visited different retail outlets in rural and urban market hubs to ascertain available oil brands and bulk oil types and collected samples. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to quantify average vitamin A content and compared them to the national oil fortification standards. Among the 66 packaged brands analyzed, 26 (39%) were not fortified, and 40 (61%) were fortified, with 28 (42%) fortified above the standard vitamin A minimum. Among the 41 bulk oil type composites analyzed, 24 (59%) were not fortified, and 17 (41%) were fortified, with 14 (34%) fortified below and 3 (7%) fortified above the standard minimum. Vitamin A fortification is high for packaged and branded edible oil but low for oil sold in unbranded, loose form. As bulk oil makes up a large proportion of the oil market volume, this means the majority of the oil volume available to the population is either not (25%) or fortified below the standard requirement (39%). Regulatory inspections of producers selling bulk oil should be prioritized to support and incentivize the industry to make all oil traceable and fortified to standard.
KW - Bangladesh
KW - Edible oil fortification
KW - Food fortification
KW - Fortification compliance
KW - Fortification quality
KW - Market assessment
KW - Vitamin A
U2 - 10.3390/nu13030794
DO - 10.3390/nu13030794
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33670884
AN - SCOPUS:85101663576
VL - 13
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
SN - 2072-6643
IS - 3
M1 - 794
ER -
ID: 324270066