TY - JOUR

T1 - The P2X7 receptor

T2 - a key player in immune-mediated bone loss?

AU - Kvist, Torben Madsen

AU - Schwarz, Peter

AU - Jørgensen, Niklas Rye

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - Inflammatory diseases are often multiorganic diseases with manifestations not related directly to the primary affected organ. They are often complicated by a generalized bone loss that subsequently leads to osteoporosis and bone fractures. The exact mechanism for the accompanying bone loss is not understood in full detail, but factors such as glucocorticoid treatment, immobilization, malnutrition, and insufficient intake of vitamin D play a role. However, it has become evident that the inflammatory process itself is involved and the resulting bone loss is termed immune-mediated bone loss. It stems from an increase in bone resorption and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta and has been shown to not only mediate the inflammatory response but also to strongly stimulate bone degradation. The purinergic P2X7 receptor is central in the processing of these two cytokines and in the initiation of the inflammatory response, and it is a key molecule in the regulation of both bone formation and bone resorption. The aim of this review is therefore to provide evidence-based novel hypotheses of the role of ATP-mediated purinergic signalling via the P2X7 receptor in immune-mediated bone loss and -osteoporosis.

AB - Inflammatory diseases are often multiorganic diseases with manifestations not related directly to the primary affected organ. They are often complicated by a generalized bone loss that subsequently leads to osteoporosis and bone fractures. The exact mechanism for the accompanying bone loss is not understood in full detail, but factors such as glucocorticoid treatment, immobilization, malnutrition, and insufficient intake of vitamin D play a role. However, it has become evident that the inflammatory process itself is involved and the resulting bone loss is termed immune-mediated bone loss. It stems from an increase in bone resorption and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta and has been shown to not only mediate the inflammatory response but also to strongly stimulate bone degradation. The purinergic P2X7 receptor is central in the processing of these two cytokines and in the initiation of the inflammatory response, and it is a key molecule in the regulation of both bone formation and bone resorption. The aim of this review is therefore to provide evidence-based novel hypotheses of the role of ATP-mediated purinergic signalling via the P2X7 receptor in immune-mediated bone loss and -osteoporosis.

KW - Animals

KW - Cytokines

KW - Humans

KW - Inflammation

KW - Osteoporosis

KW - Receptors, Purinergic P2X7

U2 - 10.1155/2014/954530

DO - 10.1155/2014/954530

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 24574936

VL - 2014

SP - 1

EP - 11

JO - The Scientific World Journal

JF - The Scientific World Journal

SN - 2356-6140

ER -