The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool
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The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool. / Gretzinger, Joscha; Sayer, Duncan; Justeau, Pierre; Altena, Eveline; Pala, Maria; Dulias, Katharina; Edwards, Ceiridwen J; Jodoin, Susanne; Lacher, Laura; Sabin, Susanna; Vågene, Åshild J.; Haak, Wolfgang; Ebenesersdóttir, S. Sunna; Moore, Kristjan H. S.; Radzeviciute, Rita; Schmidt, Kara; Brace, Selina; Bager, Martina Abenhus; Patterson, Nick; Papac, Luka; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly; Harney, Éadaoin; Iliev, Lora; Lawson, Ann Marie; Michel, Megan; Stewardson, Kristin; Zalzala, Fatma; Rohland, Nadin; Kappelhoff-Beckmann, Stefanie; Both, Frank; Winger, Daniel; Neumann, Daniel; Saalow, Lars; Krabath, Stefan; Beckett, Sophie; Van Twest, Melanie; Faulkner, Neil; Read, Chris; Barton, Tabatha; Caruth, Joanna; Hines, John; Krause-Kyora, Ben; Warnke, Ursula; Schuenemann, Verena J.; Barnes, Ian; Dahlström, Hanna; Clausen, Jane Jark; Richardson, Andrew; Popescu, Elizabeth; Dodwell, Natasha; Ladd, Stuart; Phillips, Tom; Mortimer, Richard; Sayer, Faye; Swales, Diana; Stewart, Allison; Powlesland, Dominic; Kenyon, Robert; Ladle, Lilian; Peek, Christina; Grefen-Peters, Silke; Ponce, Paola; Daniels, Robin; Spall, Cecily; Woolcock, Jennifer; Jones, Andy M.; Roberts, Amy V.; Symmons, Robert; Rawden, Anooshka C.; Cooper, Alan; Bos, Kirsten I.; Booth, Tom; Schroeder, Hannes; Thomas, Mark G.; Helgason, Agnar; Richards, Martin B.; Reich, David; Krause, Johannes; Schiffels, Stephan.
In: Nature, Vol. 610, 2022, p. 112-119.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool
AU - Gretzinger, Joscha
AU - Sayer, Duncan
AU - Justeau, Pierre
AU - Altena, Eveline
AU - Pala, Maria
AU - Dulias, Katharina
AU - Edwards, Ceiridwen J
AU - Jodoin, Susanne
AU - Lacher, Laura
AU - Sabin, Susanna
AU - Vågene, Åshild J.
AU - Haak, Wolfgang
AU - Ebenesersdóttir, S. Sunna
AU - Moore, Kristjan H. S.
AU - Radzeviciute, Rita
AU - Schmidt, Kara
AU - Brace, Selina
AU - Bager, Martina Abenhus
AU - Patterson, Nick
AU - Papac, Luka
AU - Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen
AU - Callan, Kimberly
AU - Harney, Éadaoin
AU - Iliev, Lora
AU - Lawson, Ann Marie
AU - Michel, Megan
AU - Stewardson, Kristin
AU - Zalzala, Fatma
AU - Rohland, Nadin
AU - Kappelhoff-Beckmann, Stefanie
AU - Both, Frank
AU - Winger, Daniel
AU - Neumann, Daniel
AU - Saalow, Lars
AU - Krabath, Stefan
AU - Beckett, Sophie
AU - Van Twest, Melanie
AU - Faulkner, Neil
AU - Read, Chris
AU - Barton, Tabatha
AU - Caruth, Joanna
AU - Hines, John
AU - Krause-Kyora, Ben
AU - Warnke, Ursula
AU - Schuenemann, Verena J.
AU - Barnes, Ian
AU - Dahlström, Hanna
AU - Clausen, Jane Jark
AU - Richardson, Andrew
AU - Popescu, Elizabeth
AU - Dodwell, Natasha
AU - Ladd, Stuart
AU - Phillips, Tom
AU - Mortimer, Richard
AU - Sayer, Faye
AU - Swales, Diana
AU - Stewart, Allison
AU - Powlesland, Dominic
AU - Kenyon, Robert
AU - Ladle, Lilian
AU - Peek, Christina
AU - Grefen-Peters, Silke
AU - Ponce, Paola
AU - Daniels, Robin
AU - Spall, Cecily
AU - Woolcock, Jennifer
AU - Jones, Andy M.
AU - Roberts, Amy V.
AU - Symmons, Robert
AU - Rawden, Anooshka C.
AU - Cooper, Alan
AU - Bos, Kirsten I.
AU - Booth, Tom
AU - Schroeder, Hannes
AU - Thomas, Mark G.
AU - Helgason, Agnar
AU - Richards, Martin B.
AU - Reich, David
AU - Krause, Johannes
AU - Schiffels, Stephan
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - The history of the British Isles and Ireland is characterized by multiple periods of major cultural change, including the influential transformation after the end of Roman rule, which precipitated shifts in language, settlement patterns and material culture1. The extent to which migration from continental Europe mediated these transitions is a matter of long-standing debate2–4. Here we study genome-wide ancient DNA from 460 medieval northwestern Europeans—including 278 individuals from England—alongside archaeological data, to infer contemporary population dynamics. We identify a substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in early medieval England, which is closely related to the early medieval and present-day inhabitants of Germany and Denmark, implying large-scale substantial migration across the North Sea into Britain during the Early Middle Ages. As a result, the individuals who we analysed from eastern England derived up to 76% of their ancestry from the continental North Sea zone, albeit with substantial regional variation and heterogeneity within sites. We show that women with immigrant ancestry were more often furnished with grave goods than women with local ancestry, whereas men with weapons were as likely not to be of immigrant ancestry. A comparison with present-day Britain indicates that subsequent demographic events reduced the fraction of continental northern European ancestry while introducing further ancestry components into the English gene pool, including substantial southwestern European ancestry most closely related to that seen in Iron Age France5,6.
AB - The history of the British Isles and Ireland is characterized by multiple periods of major cultural change, including the influential transformation after the end of Roman rule, which precipitated shifts in language, settlement patterns and material culture1. The extent to which migration from continental Europe mediated these transitions is a matter of long-standing debate2–4. Here we study genome-wide ancient DNA from 460 medieval northwestern Europeans—including 278 individuals from England—alongside archaeological data, to infer contemporary population dynamics. We identify a substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in early medieval England, which is closely related to the early medieval and present-day inhabitants of Germany and Denmark, implying large-scale substantial migration across the North Sea into Britain during the Early Middle Ages. As a result, the individuals who we analysed from eastern England derived up to 76% of their ancestry from the continental North Sea zone, albeit with substantial regional variation and heterogeneity within sites. We show that women with immigrant ancestry were more often furnished with grave goods than women with local ancestry, whereas men with weapons were as likely not to be of immigrant ancestry. A comparison with present-day Britain indicates that subsequent demographic events reduced the fraction of continental northern European ancestry while introducing further ancestry components into the English gene pool, including substantial southwestern European ancestry most closely related to that seen in Iron Age France5,6.
U2 - 10.1038/s41586-022-05247-2
DO - 10.1038/s41586-022-05247-2
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36131019
AN - SCOPUS:85138501252
VL - 610
SP - 112
EP - 119
JO - Nature
JF - Nature
SN - 0028-0836
ER -
ID: 321543354