TY - JOUR

T1 - Rationale and design of the PeriOperative ISchemic Evaluation-3 (POISE-3)

T2 - a randomized controlled trial evaluating tranexamic acid and a strategy to minimize hypotension in noncardiac surgery

AU - Marcucci, Maura

AU - Painter, Thomas W.

AU - Conen, David

AU - Leslie, Kate

AU - Lomivorotov, Vladimir V.

AU - Sessler, Daniel

AU - Chan, Matthew T.V.

AU - Borges, Flavia K.

AU - Martínez Zapata, Maria J.

AU - Wang, C. Y.

AU - Xavier, Denis

AU - Ofori, Sandra N.

AU - Landoni, Giovanni

AU - Efremov, Sergey

AU - Kleinlugtenbelt, Ydo V.

AU - Szczeklik, Wojciech

AU - Schmartz, Denis

AU - Garg, Amit X.

AU - Short, Timothy G.

AU - Wittmann, Maria

AU - Meyhoff, Christian S.

AU - Amir, Mohammed

AU - Torres, David

AU - Patel, Ameen

AU - Duceppe, Emmanuelle

AU - Ruetzler, Kurtz

AU - Parlow, Joel L.

AU - Tandon, Vikas

AU - Wang, Michael K.

AU - Fleischmann, Edith

AU - Polanczyk, Carisi A.

AU - Jayaram, Raja

AU - Astrakov, Sergey V.

AU - Rao, Mangala

AU - VanHelder, Tomas

AU - Wu, William K.K.

AU - Cheong, Chao Chia

AU - Ayad, Sabry

AU - Abubakirov, Marat

AU - Kirov, Mikhail

AU - Bhatt, Keyur

AU - de Nadal, Miriam

AU - Likhvantsev, Valery

AU - Iglesisas, Pilar Paniagua

AU - Aguado, Hector J.

AU - McGillion, Michael

AU - Lamy, Andre

AU - Whitlock, Richard P.

AU - Roshanov, Pavel

AU - Stillo, David

AU - Copland, Ingrid

AU - Vincent, Jessica

AU - Balasubramanian, Kumar

AU - Bangdiwala, Shrikant I.

AU - Biccard, Bruce

AU - Kurz, Andrea

AU - Srinathan, Sadeesh

AU - Petit, Shirley

AU - Eikelboom, John

AU - Richards, Toby

AU - Gross, Peter L.

AU - Alfonsi, Pascal

AU - Guyatt, Gordon

AU - Belley-Cote, Emily

AU - Spence, Jessica

AU - McIntyre, William

AU - Yusuf, Salim

AU - Devereaux, P. J.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Background: For patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, bleeding and hypotension are frequent and associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular complications. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent with the potential to reduce surgical bleeding; however, there is uncertainty about its efficacy and safety in noncardiac surgery. Although usual perioperative care is commonly consistent with a hypertension-avoidance strategy (i.e., most patients continue their antihypertensive medications throughout the perioperative period and intraoperative mean arterial pressures of 60 mmHg are commonly accepted), a hypotension-avoidance strategy may improve perioperative outcomes. Methods: The PeriOperative Ischemic Evaluation (POISE)-3 Trial is a large international randomized controlled trial designed to determine if TXA is superior to placebo for the composite outcome of life-threatening, major, and critical organ bleeding, and non-inferior to placebo for the occurrence of major arterial and venous thrombotic events, at 30 days after randomization. Using a partial factorial design, POISE-3 will additionally determine the effect of a hypotension-avoidance strategy versus a hypertension-avoidance strategy on the risk of major cardiovascular events, at 30 days after randomization. The target sample size is 10,000 participants. Patients ≥45 years of age undergoing noncardiac surgery, with or at risk of cardiovascular and bleeding complications, are randomized to receive a TXA 1 g intravenous bolus or matching placebo at the start and at the end of surgery. Patients, health care providers, data collectors, outcome adjudicators, and investigators are blinded to the treatment allocation. Patients on ≥ 1 chronic antihypertensive medication are also randomized to either of the two blood pressure management strategies, which differ in the management of patient antihypertensive medications on the morning of surgery and on the first 2 days after surgery, and in the target mean arterial pressure during surgery. Outcome adjudicators are blinded to the blood pressure treatment allocation. Patients are followed up at 30 days and 1 year after randomization. Discussion: Bleeding and hypotension in noncardiac surgery are common and have a substantial impact on patient prognosis. The POISE-3 trial will evaluate two interventions to determine their impact on bleeding, cardiovascular complications, and mortality. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03505723. Registered on 23 April 2018.

AB - Background: For patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, bleeding and hypotension are frequent and associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular complications. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent with the potential to reduce surgical bleeding; however, there is uncertainty about its efficacy and safety in noncardiac surgery. Although usual perioperative care is commonly consistent with a hypertension-avoidance strategy (i.e., most patients continue their antihypertensive medications throughout the perioperative period and intraoperative mean arterial pressures of 60 mmHg are commonly accepted), a hypotension-avoidance strategy may improve perioperative outcomes. Methods: The PeriOperative Ischemic Evaluation (POISE)-3 Trial is a large international randomized controlled trial designed to determine if TXA is superior to placebo for the composite outcome of life-threatening, major, and critical organ bleeding, and non-inferior to placebo for the occurrence of major arterial and venous thrombotic events, at 30 days after randomization. Using a partial factorial design, POISE-3 will additionally determine the effect of a hypotension-avoidance strategy versus a hypertension-avoidance strategy on the risk of major cardiovascular events, at 30 days after randomization. The target sample size is 10,000 participants. Patients ≥45 years of age undergoing noncardiac surgery, with or at risk of cardiovascular and bleeding complications, are randomized to receive a TXA 1 g intravenous bolus or matching placebo at the start and at the end of surgery. Patients, health care providers, data collectors, outcome adjudicators, and investigators are blinded to the treatment allocation. Patients on ≥ 1 chronic antihypertensive medication are also randomized to either of the two blood pressure management strategies, which differ in the management of patient antihypertensive medications on the morning of surgery and on the first 2 days after surgery, and in the target mean arterial pressure during surgery. Outcome adjudicators are blinded to the blood pressure treatment allocation. Patients are followed up at 30 days and 1 year after randomization. Discussion: Bleeding and hypotension in noncardiac surgery are common and have a substantial impact on patient prognosis. The POISE-3 trial will evaluate two interventions to determine their impact on bleeding, cardiovascular complications, and mortality. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03505723. Registered on 23 April 2018.

KW - Cardiovascular complications

KW - Noncardiac surgery

KW - Perioperative bleeding

KW - Perioperative hypotension

KW - Randomized controlled trial

KW - Tranexamic acid

U2 - 10.1186/s13063-021-05992-1

DO - 10.1186/s13063-021-05992-1

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 35101083

AN - SCOPUS:85123974840

VL - 23

JO - Trials

JF - Trials

SN - 1745-6215

IS - 1

M1 - 101

ER -