TY - JOUR

T1 - Randomized controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D-fortified milk and bread on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in families in Denmark during winter

T2 - the VitmaD study

AU - Madsen, Katja H

AU - Rasmussen, Lone B

AU - Andersen, Rikke

AU - Mølgaard, Christian

AU - Jakobsen, Jette

AU - Bjerrum, Poul J

AU - Andersen, Elisabeth W

AU - Mejborn, Heddie

AU - Tetens, Inge

N1 - CURIS 2013 NEXS 149

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - BACKGROUND: Vitamin D intakes are lower than dietary recommendations in most populations, and thus, a low vitamin D status is widespread, especially during winter. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of increasing vitamin D intake to the recommended amount by fortification of milk and bread on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in families during winter in Denmark. DESIGN: The study was a randomized controlled trial in 782 children and adults (4-60 y old) recruited as 201 families. Families were randomly assigned to vitamin D-fortified or nonfortified milk and bread for 6 mo starting in September. The milk and bread replaced the participants' usual consumptions of products. RESULTS: Median (IQR) vitamin D intakes (habitual diet plus fortified products) were 9.4 μg/d (6.5, 12.3 μg/d) and 2.2 μg/d (1.5, 3.0 μg/d) in fortification and control groups, respectively. Geometric mean (IQR) serum 25(OH)D concentrations decreased from 73.1 nmol/L (61.9, 88.5 nmol/L) to 67.6 nmol/L (56.2, 79.4 nmol/L) in the fortification group and from 71.1 nmol/L (61.2, 85.9 nmol/L) to 41.7 nmol/L (29.5, 58.9 nmol/L) in the control group (both P <0.001). The final 25(OH)D concentration was significantly higher in the fortification group than in the control group (P <0.001). By the end of the study, 50 nmol/L in children and adults in Denmark. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01184716.

AB - BACKGROUND: Vitamin D intakes are lower than dietary recommendations in most populations, and thus, a low vitamin D status is widespread, especially during winter. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of increasing vitamin D intake to the recommended amount by fortification of milk and bread on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in families during winter in Denmark. DESIGN: The study was a randomized controlled trial in 782 children and adults (4-60 y old) recruited as 201 families. Families were randomly assigned to vitamin D-fortified or nonfortified milk and bread for 6 mo starting in September. The milk and bread replaced the participants' usual consumptions of products. RESULTS: Median (IQR) vitamin D intakes (habitual diet plus fortified products) were 9.4 μg/d (6.5, 12.3 μg/d) and 2.2 μg/d (1.5, 3.0 μg/d) in fortification and control groups, respectively. Geometric mean (IQR) serum 25(OH)D concentrations decreased from 73.1 nmol/L (61.9, 88.5 nmol/L) to 67.6 nmol/L (56.2, 79.4 nmol/L) in the fortification group and from 71.1 nmol/L (61.2, 85.9 nmol/L) to 41.7 nmol/L (29.5, 58.9 nmol/L) in the control group (both P <0.001). The final 25(OH)D concentration was significantly higher in the fortification group than in the control group (P <0.001). By the end of the study, 50 nmol/L in children and adults in Denmark. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01184716.

U2 - 10.3945/ajcn.113.059469

DO - 10.3945/ajcn.113.059469

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 23783292

VL - 98

SP - 374

EP - 382

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

SN - 0002-9165

IS - 2

ER -