No longer beeting around the bush: A review of potential sex differences with dietary nitrate supplementation
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No longer beeting around the bush: A review of potential sex differences with dietary nitrate supplementation. / Wickham, Kate Aiko; Spriet, Lawrence L.
In: Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, Vol. 44, No. 9, 2019, p. 915-924.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - No longer beeting around the bush: A review of potential sex differences with dietary nitrate supplementation
AU - Wickham, Kate Aiko
AU - Spriet, Lawrence L
N1 - (Ekstern)
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Over the last decade there has been substantial interest in the health and athletic performance benefits associated with acute and chronic dietary nitrate (NO3–) supplementation. Dietary NO3–, commonly found in leafy green and root vegetables, undergoes sequential reduction to nitrite and nitric oxide (NO) via the enterosalivary circulation. Importantly, NO has been shown to elicit a number of biological effects ranging from blood pressure reduction to improved exercise economy and athletic performance. However, a common absence within biological research is the lack of female participants, which is often attributed to the added complexity of hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle. Despite mounting evidence supporting significant anthropometric, metabolic, and physiological differences between the sexes, this problem extends to the field of dietary NO3– supplementation where women are underrepresented as research participants. This review examines the existing dietary NO3– supplementation research with regards to dietary NO3– pharmacokinetics, resting blood pressure, exercise economy and performance, and mechanisms of action. It also provides evidence and rationale for potential sex differences in response to dietary NO3– supplementation and future directions for this field of research. Novelty • Dietary NO3– supplementation has been shown to have positive impacts on health and athletic performance in generally male populations. However, women are underrepresented in dietary NO3– supplementation research. • The present evidence suggests that sex differences exist in response to dietary NO3– supplementation and this review highlights avenues for future research.
AB - Over the last decade there has been substantial interest in the health and athletic performance benefits associated with acute and chronic dietary nitrate (NO3–) supplementation. Dietary NO3–, commonly found in leafy green and root vegetables, undergoes sequential reduction to nitrite and nitric oxide (NO) via the enterosalivary circulation. Importantly, NO has been shown to elicit a number of biological effects ranging from blood pressure reduction to improved exercise economy and athletic performance. However, a common absence within biological research is the lack of female participants, which is often attributed to the added complexity of hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle. Despite mounting evidence supporting significant anthropometric, metabolic, and physiological differences between the sexes, this problem extends to the field of dietary NO3– supplementation where women are underrepresented as research participants. This review examines the existing dietary NO3– supplementation research with regards to dietary NO3– pharmacokinetics, resting blood pressure, exercise economy and performance, and mechanisms of action. It also provides evidence and rationale for potential sex differences in response to dietary NO3– supplementation and future directions for this field of research. Novelty • Dietary NO3– supplementation has been shown to have positive impacts on health and athletic performance in generally male populations. However, women are underrepresented in dietary NO3– supplementation research. • The present evidence suggests that sex differences exist in response to dietary NO3– supplementation and this review highlights avenues for future research.
KW - Beetroot juice
KW - Blood pressure
KW - Contraction coupling
KW - Dietary nitrate
KW - Excitation
KW - Exercise economy
KW - Nitric oxide
KW - Performance
KW - Sex differences
U2 - 10.1139/apnm-2019-0063
DO - 10.1139/apnm-2019-0063
M3 - Review
C2 - 31348674
AN - SCOPUS:85071680485
VL - 44
SP - 915
EP - 924
JO - Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism
JF - Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism
SN - 1715-5312
IS - 9
ER -
ID: 254661671