Metabolomics of the tryptophan-kynurenine degradation pathway and risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure: potential modification effect of Mediterranean diet
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BACKGROUND: The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is linked to inflammation. We hypothesize that metabolites implicated in this pathway may be associated with the risk of heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation (AF) in a population at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to prospectively analyze the associations of kynurenine-related metabolites with the risk of HF and AF and to analyze a potential effect modification by the randomized interventions of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial with Mediterranean diet (MedDiet).
METHODS: Two case-control studies nested within the PREDIMED trial were designed. We selected 324 incident HF cases and 502 incident AF cases individually matched with ≤3 controls. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted. Interactions with the intervention were tested for each of the baseline plasma metabolites measured by LC-tandem MS.
RESULTS: Higher baseline kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (OR for 1 SD: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.43) and higher levels of kynurenic acid (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.40) were associated with HF. Quinolinic acid was associated with AF (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.32) and HF (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.49). The MedDiet intervention modified the positive associations of kynurenine (Pinteraction = 0.006), kynurenic acid (Pinteraction = 0.008), and quinolinic acid (Pinteraction = 0.033) with HF and the association between kynurenic acid and AF (Pinteraction = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS: We found that tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites were prospectively associated with higher HF risk and to a lesser extent with AF risk. Moreover, an effect modification by MedDiet was observed for the association between plasma baseline kynurenine-related metabolites and the risk of HF, showing that the positive association of increased levels of these metabolites and HF was restricted to the control group.
Original language | English |
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Journal | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
Volume | 114 |
Issue number | 5 |
Pages (from-to) | 1646-1654 |
Number of pages | 9 |
ISSN | 0002-9165 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2021 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Atrial Fibrillation/etiology, Case-Control Studies, Diet, Mediterranean, Female, Heart Failure/etiology, Humans, Kynurenine/metabolism, Logistic Models, Male, Metabolomics, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Tryptophan/metabolism
Research areas
ID: 351043319