Longitudinal Evaluation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 T-Cell Immunity Over 2 Years Following Vaccination and Infection
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Longitudinal Evaluation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 T-Cell Immunity Over 2 Years Following Vaccination and Infection. / Juhl, Anna Karina; Dietz, Lisa Loksø; Søgaard, Ole Schmeltz; Reekie, Joanne; Nielsen, Henrik; Johansen, Isik Somuncu; Benfield, Thomas; Wiese, Lothar; Stærke, Nina Breinholt; Jensen, Tomas Østergaard; Olesen, Rikke; Iversen, Kasper; Fogh, Kamille; Bodilsen, Jacob; Madsen, Lone Wulff; Lindvig, Susan Olaf; Raben, Dorthe; Andersen, Sidsel Dahl; Hvidt, Astrid Korning; Andreasen, Signe Rode; Baerends, Eva Anna Marianne; Lundgren, Jens; Østergaard, Lars; Tolstrup, Martin.
In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Longitudinal Evaluation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 T-Cell Immunity Over 2 Years Following Vaccination and Infection
AU - Juhl, Anna Karina
AU - Dietz, Lisa Loksø
AU - Søgaard, Ole Schmeltz
AU - Reekie, Joanne
AU - Nielsen, Henrik
AU - Johansen, Isik Somuncu
AU - Benfield, Thomas
AU - Wiese, Lothar
AU - Stærke, Nina Breinholt
AU - Jensen, Tomas Østergaard
AU - Olesen, Rikke
AU - Iversen, Kasper
AU - Fogh, Kamille
AU - Bodilsen, Jacob
AU - Madsen, Lone Wulff
AU - Lindvig, Susan Olaf
AU - Raben, Dorthe
AU - Andersen, Sidsel Dahl
AU - Hvidt, Astrid Korning
AU - Andreasen, Signe Rode
AU - Baerends, Eva Anna Marianne
AU - Lundgren, Jens
AU - Østergaard, Lars
AU - Tolstrup, Martin
PY - 2024/4/30
Y1 - 2024/4/30
N2 - BackgroundWithin a year of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, vaccines inducing a robust humoral and cellular immune response were implemented worldwide. However, emergence of novel variants and waning vaccine-induced immunity led to implementation of additional vaccine boosters.MethodsThis prospective study evaluated the temporal profile of cellular and serological responses in a cohort of 639 SARS-CoV-2–vaccinated participants, of whom a large proportion experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection. All participants were infection naïve at the time of their first vaccine dose. Proportions of SARS-CoV-2 spike–specific T cells were determined after each vaccine dose using the activation-induced marker assay, while levels of circulating SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined by the Meso Scale serology assay.ResultsWe found a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 spike–specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses following the third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine as well as enhanced CD8+ T-cell responses after the fourth dose. Furthermore, increased age was associated with a poorer response. Finally, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 infection boosts both the cellular and humoral immune response, relative to vaccine-induced immunity alone.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the boosting effect on T-cell immunity of repeated vaccine administration. The combination of multiple vaccine doses and SARS-CoV-2 infections maintains population T-cell immunity, although with reduced levels in the elderly.
AB - BackgroundWithin a year of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, vaccines inducing a robust humoral and cellular immune response were implemented worldwide. However, emergence of novel variants and waning vaccine-induced immunity led to implementation of additional vaccine boosters.MethodsThis prospective study evaluated the temporal profile of cellular and serological responses in a cohort of 639 SARS-CoV-2–vaccinated participants, of whom a large proportion experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection. All participants were infection naïve at the time of their first vaccine dose. Proportions of SARS-CoV-2 spike–specific T cells were determined after each vaccine dose using the activation-induced marker assay, while levels of circulating SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined by the Meso Scale serology assay.ResultsWe found a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 spike–specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses following the third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine as well as enhanced CD8+ T-cell responses after the fourth dose. Furthermore, increased age was associated with a poorer response. Finally, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 infection boosts both the cellular and humoral immune response, relative to vaccine-induced immunity alone.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the boosting effect on T-cell immunity of repeated vaccine administration. The combination of multiple vaccine doses and SARS-CoV-2 infections maintains population T-cell immunity, although with reduced levels in the elderly.
U2 - 10.1093/infdis/jiae215
DO - 10.1093/infdis/jiae215
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38687181
JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases
SN - 0022-1899
ER -
ID: 395137380