Impacts of empty fruit bunch applications on soil organic carbon in an industrial oil palm plantation
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Impacts of empty fruit bunch applications on soil organic carbon in an industrial oil palm plantation. / Noirot, Lauriane Marie; Müller-Stöver, Dorette Sophie; Wahyuningsih, Resti; Sørensen, Helle; Sudarno; Simamora, Abedgeno; Pujianto; Suhardi; Caliman, Jean Pierre.
In: Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 317, 115373, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Impacts of empty fruit bunch applications on soil organic carbon in an industrial oil palm plantation
AU - Noirot, Lauriane Marie
AU - Müller-Stöver, Dorette Sophie
AU - Wahyuningsih, Resti
AU - Sørensen, Helle
AU - Sudarno, null
AU - Simamora, Abedgeno
AU - Pujianto, null
AU - Suhardi, null
AU - Caliman, Jean Pierre
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Extensive oil palm plantations have often resulted in the decrease of soil organic carbon (SOC). Several options exist to counter this, such as recycling empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a soil amendment. However, the extent to which EFB increase SOC has been disputed. Since EFB could also be used as a climate change mitigation tool, it is necessary to truly understand their impact on SOC. The investigation of the impact of nine EFB treatments (differing in frequency and application rates) on a 27-year-old large-scale experiment (Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia) revealed that, while EFB impacts are heterogeneous throughout the plantation, they can positively affect total SOC and permanganate oxidisable carbon (POX-C) both at shallow and deep depths (measured up to 100 cm). POX-C was closely correlated to SOC, but showed significant increases compared to the untreated control in all treatments, while total SOC was only increased in a few treatments with small and frequent rates of EFB application. Overall, between 12 (±16) and 56 (±12) t ha−1 of carbon were sequestered under the harvesting path after 21 years. Focussing on the mineral nutrition value of the EFB, oil palm companies apply a rate of 60 t of EFB every second year for their commercial production, and the analysis of three commercial plots showed that the commercial rate only increased POX-C while it had no effect on the total SOC and SOC stocks. It seems obvious that a change of paradigm is necessary to consider EFB recycling as a new management perspective, where the potential for carbon sequestration becomes an important variable for climate change mitigation besides the initial objective of integrating EFB application into the fertiliser management plan of a plantation.
AB - Extensive oil palm plantations have often resulted in the decrease of soil organic carbon (SOC). Several options exist to counter this, such as recycling empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a soil amendment. However, the extent to which EFB increase SOC has been disputed. Since EFB could also be used as a climate change mitigation tool, it is necessary to truly understand their impact on SOC. The investigation of the impact of nine EFB treatments (differing in frequency and application rates) on a 27-year-old large-scale experiment (Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia) revealed that, while EFB impacts are heterogeneous throughout the plantation, they can positively affect total SOC and permanganate oxidisable carbon (POX-C) both at shallow and deep depths (measured up to 100 cm). POX-C was closely correlated to SOC, but showed significant increases compared to the untreated control in all treatments, while total SOC was only increased in a few treatments with small and frequent rates of EFB application. Overall, between 12 (±16) and 56 (±12) t ha−1 of carbon were sequestered under the harvesting path after 21 years. Focussing on the mineral nutrition value of the EFB, oil palm companies apply a rate of 60 t of EFB every second year for their commercial production, and the analysis of three commercial plots showed that the commercial rate only increased POX-C while it had no effect on the total SOC and SOC stocks. It seems obvious that a change of paradigm is necessary to consider EFB recycling as a new management perspective, where the potential for carbon sequestration becomes an important variable for climate change mitigation besides the initial objective of integrating EFB application into the fertiliser management plan of a plantation.
KW - Empty fruit bunch
KW - Oil palm
KW - Permanganate oxidisable carbon
KW - Sumatra
U2 - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115373
DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115373
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35649336
AN - SCOPUS:85131543059
VL - 317
JO - Journal of Environmental Management
JF - Journal of Environmental Management
SN - 0301-4797
M1 - 115373
ER -
ID: 314436558