HIV-1 Adaptation to Antigen Processing Results in Population-Level Immune Evasion and Affects Subtype Diversification
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HIV-1 Adaptation to Antigen Processing Results in Population-Level Immune Evasion and Affects Subtype Diversification. / Tenzer, Stefan; Crawford, Hayley; Pymm, Phillip; Gifford, Robert; Sreenu, Vattipally B; Weimershaus, Mirjana; de Oliveira, Tulio; Burgevin, Anne; Gerstoft, Jan; Akkad, Nadja; Lunn, Daniel; Fugger, Lars; Bell, John; Schild, Hansjörg; van Endert, Peter; Iversen, Astrid K N.
In: Cell Reports, Vol. 7, No. 2, 24.04.2014, p. 448-463.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - HIV-1 Adaptation to Antigen Processing Results in Population-Level Immune Evasion and Affects Subtype Diversification
AU - Tenzer, Stefan
AU - Crawford, Hayley
AU - Pymm, Phillip
AU - Gifford, Robert
AU - Sreenu, Vattipally B
AU - Weimershaus, Mirjana
AU - de Oliveira, Tulio
AU - Burgevin, Anne
AU - Gerstoft, Jan
AU - Akkad, Nadja
AU - Lunn, Daniel
AU - Fugger, Lars
AU - Bell, John
AU - Schild, Hansjörg
AU - van Endert, Peter
AU - Iversen, Astrid K N
N1 - Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/4/24
Y1 - 2014/4/24
N2 - The recent HIV-1 vaccine failures highlight the need to better understand virus-host interactions. One key question is why CD8(+) T cell responses to two HIV-Gag regions are uniquely associated with delayed disease progression only in patients expressing a few rare HLA class I variants when these regions encode epitopes presented by ~30 more common HLA variants. By combining epitope processing and computational analyses of the two HIV subtypes responsible for ~60% of worldwide infections, we identified a hitherto unrecognized adaptation to the antigen-processing machinery through substitutions at subtype-specific motifs. Multiple HLA variants presenting epitopes situated next to a given subtype-specific motif drive selection at this subtype-specific position, and epitope abundances correlate inversely with the HLA frequency distribution in affected populations. This adaptation reflects the sum of intrapatient adaptations, is predictable, facilitates viral subtype diversification, and increases global HIV diversity. Because low epitope abundance is associated with infrequent and weak T cell responses, this most likely results in both population-level immune evasion and inadequate responses in most people vaccinated with natural HIV-1 sequence constructs. Our results suggest that artificial sequence modifications at subtype-specific positions in vitro could refocus and reverse the poor immunogenicity of HIV proteins.
AB - The recent HIV-1 vaccine failures highlight the need to better understand virus-host interactions. One key question is why CD8(+) T cell responses to two HIV-Gag regions are uniquely associated with delayed disease progression only in patients expressing a few rare HLA class I variants when these regions encode epitopes presented by ~30 more common HLA variants. By combining epitope processing and computational analyses of the two HIV subtypes responsible for ~60% of worldwide infections, we identified a hitherto unrecognized adaptation to the antigen-processing machinery through substitutions at subtype-specific motifs. Multiple HLA variants presenting epitopes situated next to a given subtype-specific motif drive selection at this subtype-specific position, and epitope abundances correlate inversely with the HLA frequency distribution in affected populations. This adaptation reflects the sum of intrapatient adaptations, is predictable, facilitates viral subtype diversification, and increases global HIV diversity. Because low epitope abundance is associated with infrequent and weak T cell responses, this most likely results in both population-level immune evasion and inadequate responses in most people vaccinated with natural HIV-1 sequence constructs. Our results suggest that artificial sequence modifications at subtype-specific positions in vitro could refocus and reverse the poor immunogenicity of HIV proteins.
KW - Adaptation, Physiological
KW - Africa, Southern
KW - Amino Acid Sequence
KW - Epitopes
KW - Europe
KW - Gene Frequency
KW - HIV Infections
KW - HIV-1
KW - HLA-A1 Antigen
KW - Humans
KW - Immune Evasion
KW - Molecular Sequence Data
KW - Population
KW - T-Lymphocytes
U2 - 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.031
DO - 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.031
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 24726370
VL - 7
SP - 448
EP - 463
JO - Cell Reports
JF - Cell Reports
SN - 2211-1247
IS - 2
ER -
ID: 138546286