Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease
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Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. / Fan, Yong; Pedersen, Oluf.
In: Nature Reviews. Microbiology, Vol. 19, 2021, p. 55-71.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease
AU - Fan, Yong
AU - Pedersen, Oluf
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Observational findings achieved during the past two decades suggest that the intestinal microbiota may contribute to the metabolic health of the human host and, when aberrant, to the pathogenesis of various common metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic liver disease, cardio-metabolic diseases and malnutrition. However, to gain a mechanistic understanding of how the gut microbiota affects host metabolism, research is moving from descriptive microbiota census analyses to cause-and-effect studies. Joint analyses of high-throughput human multi-omics data, including metagenomics and metabolomics data, together with measures of host physiology and mechanistic experiments in humans, animals and cells hold potential as initial steps in the identification of potential molecular mechanisms behind reported associations. In this Review, we discuss the current knowledge on how gut microbiota and derived microbial compounds may link to metabolism of the healthy host or to the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases. We highlight examples of microbiota-targeted interventions aiming to optimize metabolic health, and we provide perspectives for future basic and translational investigations within the nascent and promising research field.In this Review, Fan and Pedersen discuss how the gut microbiota and derived microbial compounds may contribute to human metabolic health and to the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases, and highlight examples of microbiota-targeted interventions aiming to optimize metabolic health.
AB - Observational findings achieved during the past two decades suggest that the intestinal microbiota may contribute to the metabolic health of the human host and, when aberrant, to the pathogenesis of various common metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic liver disease, cardio-metabolic diseases and malnutrition. However, to gain a mechanistic understanding of how the gut microbiota affects host metabolism, research is moving from descriptive microbiota census analyses to cause-and-effect studies. Joint analyses of high-throughput human multi-omics data, including metagenomics and metabolomics data, together with measures of host physiology and mechanistic experiments in humans, animals and cells hold potential as initial steps in the identification of potential molecular mechanisms behind reported associations. In this Review, we discuss the current knowledge on how gut microbiota and derived microbial compounds may link to metabolism of the healthy host or to the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases. We highlight examples of microbiota-targeted interventions aiming to optimize metabolic health, and we provide perspectives for future basic and translational investigations within the nascent and promising research field.In this Review, Fan and Pedersen discuss how the gut microbiota and derived microbial compounds may contribute to human metabolic health and to the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases, and highlight examples of microbiota-targeted interventions aiming to optimize metabolic health.
KW - FATTY LIVER-DISEASE
KW - GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1
KW - INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA
KW - INSULIN-RESISTANCE
KW - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
KW - GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS
KW - COMMENSAL BACTERIA
KW - WIDE ASSOCIATION
KW - SERUM METABOLOME
KW - DONOR FECES
U2 - 10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9
DO - 10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9
M3 - Review
C2 - 32887946
VL - 19
SP - 55
EP - 71
JO - Nature Reviews. Microbiology
JF - Nature Reviews. Microbiology
SN - 1740-1526
ER -
ID: 250071671