Fouling of ion-exchange membranes during electrodialytic acid whey processing analysed by 2D fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy
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Fouling of ion-exchange membranes during electrodialytic acid whey processing analysed by 2D fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy. / Nielsen, Emilie N.; Cordin, Ulysse; Gøtke, Mathias; Velizarov, Svetlozar; Galinha, Claudia F.; Skibsted, Leif H.; Crespo, João G.; Ahrné, Lilia M.
In: Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 316, 123814, 2023.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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T1 - Fouling of ion-exchange membranes during electrodialytic acid whey processing analysed by 2D fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy
AU - Nielsen, Emilie N.
AU - Cordin, Ulysse
AU - Gøtke, Mathias
AU - Velizarov, Svetlozar
AU - Galinha, Claudia F.
AU - Skibsted, Leif H.
AU - Crespo, João G.
AU - Ahrné, Lilia M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Acid whey (AW), a by-product from the production of acidified dairy products, contains high amounts of lactic acid and minerals that can be recovered by electrodialysis (ED). To better understand the process and improve its efficiency, the objective of this study was to investigate fouling of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) during ED of AW and concentrated AW by reverse osmosis (ROAW), underlimiting (ULCD), limiting (LCD) and overlimiting current density operating conditions (OLCD). The structure, hydrophobicity, and chemical composition of membranes showed differences regarding fouling on anion- (AEM) and cation- (CEM) exchange membranes facing the diluate and the concentrate, both for AW and ROAW. Furthermore, operating at OLCD tends to reduce fouling compared to ULCD, due to the expected generation of electroconvective vortices. 2D fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided complementary and more detailed information regarding the fouling and efficiency of the cleaning procedure. The 2D fluorescence spectra showed that the AEM surfaces in contact with the diluate change more than those in contact with the concentrate. The FTIR analyses showed the presence of lactose and lactic acid on the AEM surfaces in contact with the concentrate, which could not be detected by fluorescence.
AB - Acid whey (AW), a by-product from the production of acidified dairy products, contains high amounts of lactic acid and minerals that can be recovered by electrodialysis (ED). To better understand the process and improve its efficiency, the objective of this study was to investigate fouling of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) during ED of AW and concentrated AW by reverse osmosis (ROAW), underlimiting (ULCD), limiting (LCD) and overlimiting current density operating conditions (OLCD). The structure, hydrophobicity, and chemical composition of membranes showed differences regarding fouling on anion- (AEM) and cation- (CEM) exchange membranes facing the diluate and the concentrate, both for AW and ROAW. Furthermore, operating at OLCD tends to reduce fouling compared to ULCD, due to the expected generation of electroconvective vortices. 2D fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided complementary and more detailed information regarding the fouling and efficiency of the cleaning procedure. The 2D fluorescence spectra showed that the AEM surfaces in contact with the diluate change more than those in contact with the concentrate. The FTIR analyses showed the presence of lactose and lactic acid on the AEM surfaces in contact with the concentrate, which could not be detected by fluorescence.
KW - 2D fluorescence spectroscopy
KW - Acid whey
KW - Electrodialysis
KW - Fouling
KW - FTIR
KW - Ion-exchange membranes
U2 - 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123814
DO - 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123814
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85152734923
VL - 316
JO - Gas Separation and Purification
JF - Gas Separation and Purification
SN - 1383-5866
M1 - 123814
ER -
ID: 347893629