Factors Associated With Plasma IL-6 Levels During HIV Infection
Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
BACKGROUND: Elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer and death. Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection receiving treatment have higher IL-6 levels, but few data are available on factors associated with circulating IL-6.
METHODS: Participants in 3 trials with IL-6 measured at baseline were included (N = 9864). Factors associated with IL-6 were identified by linear regression. Demographic and HIV variables (nadir/entry CD4(+) cell count, HIV RNA level, antiretroviral therapy regimen) were investigated in all 3 trials. In the SMART (Strategies for Management of Anti-Retroviral Therapy) trial, CD4/CD8 ratio, smoking, comorbid conditions, serum lipids, renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]), and educational level were assessed.
RESULTS: Demographics associated with higher IL-6 levels were older age and lower education, whereas black race was associated with lower IL-6. Higher HIV RNA levels were associated with higher IL-6 levels, and higher nadir CD4(+) cell counts with lower IL-6 levels. Compared with efavirenz, protease inhibitors were associated with higher and nevirapine with lower IL-6 levels. Smoking and all comorbid conditions were related to higher IL-6. IL-6 levels increased with decreasing eGFR and decreasing serum lipids.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of IL-6 were associated with older age, nonblack race, higher body mass index, lower serum lipid levels, HIV replication, low nadir CD4(+) cell count, protease inhibitor use, comorbid conditions, and decreased eGFR. Multiple factors affect inflammation in HIV and should be considered in studies of IL-6 as a biomarker of clinical outcomes.
Original language | English |
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Journal | The Journal of Infectious Diseases |
Volume | 212 |
Issue number | 4 |
Pages (from-to) | 585-95 |
Number of pages | 11 |
ISSN | 0022-1899 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 15 Aug 2015 |
- Adult, Biomarkers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products, HIV Infections, Humans, Inflammation, Interleukin-6, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral, Smoking, Viral Load
Research areas
ID: 162149478