Evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants
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Evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems : a burst of class 2 and derived variants. / Makarova, Kira S.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Iranzo, Jaime; Shmakov, Sergey A.; Alkhnbashi, Omer S.; Brouns, Stan J. J.; Charpentier, Emmanuelle; Cheng, David; Haft, Daniel H.; Horvath, Philippe; Moineau, Sylvain; Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Scott, David; Shah, Shiraz A.; Siksnys, Virginijus; Terns, Michael P.; Venclovas, Česlovas; White, Malcolm F.; Yakunin, Alexander F.; Yan, Winston; Zhang, Feng; Garrett, Roger Antony; Backofen, Rolf; van der Oost, John; Barrangou, Rodolphe; Koonin, Eugene V.
In: Nature Reviews. Microbiology, Vol. 18, 2020, p. 67-83.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems
T2 - a burst of class 2 and derived variants
AU - Makarova, Kira S.
AU - Wolf, Yuri I.
AU - Iranzo, Jaime
AU - Shmakov, Sergey A.
AU - Alkhnbashi, Omer S.
AU - Brouns, Stan J. J.
AU - Charpentier, Emmanuelle
AU - Cheng, David
AU - Haft, Daniel H.
AU - Horvath, Philippe
AU - Moineau, Sylvain
AU - Mojica, Francisco J. M.
AU - Scott, David
AU - Shah, Shiraz A.
AU - Siksnys, Virginijus
AU - Terns, Michael P.
AU - Venclovas, Česlovas
AU - White, Malcolm F.
AU - Yakunin, Alexander F.
AU - Yan, Winston
AU - Zhang, Feng
AU - Garrett, Roger Antony
AU - Backofen, Rolf
AU - van der Oost, John
AU - Barrangou, Rodolphe
AU - Koonin, Eugene V.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - The number and diversity of known CRISPR-Cas systems have substantially increased in recent years. Here, we provide an updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems and cas genes, with an emphasis on the major developments that have occurred since the publication of the latest classification, in 2015. The new classification includes 2 classes, 6 types and 33 subtypes, compared with 5 types and 16 subtypes in 2015. A key development is the ongoing discovery of multiple, novel class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems, which now include 3 types and 17 subtypes. A second major novelty is the discovery of numerous derived CRISPR-Cas variants, often associated with mobile genetic elements that lack the nucleases required for interference. Some of these variants are involved in RNA-guided transposition, whereas others are predicted to perform functions distinct from adaptive immunity that remain to be characterized experimentally. The third highlight is the discovery of numerous families of ancillary CRISPR-linked genes, often implicated in signal transduction. Together, these findings substantially clarify the functional diversity and evolutionary history of CRISPR-Cas.
AB - The number and diversity of known CRISPR-Cas systems have substantially increased in recent years. Here, we provide an updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems and cas genes, with an emphasis on the major developments that have occurred since the publication of the latest classification, in 2015. The new classification includes 2 classes, 6 types and 33 subtypes, compared with 5 types and 16 subtypes in 2015. A key development is the ongoing discovery of multiple, novel class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems, which now include 3 types and 17 subtypes. A second major novelty is the discovery of numerous derived CRISPR-Cas variants, often associated with mobile genetic elements that lack the nucleases required for interference. Some of these variants are involved in RNA-guided transposition, whereas others are predicted to perform functions distinct from adaptive immunity that remain to be characterized experimentally. The third highlight is the discovery of numerous families of ancillary CRISPR-linked genes, often implicated in signal transduction. Together, these findings substantially clarify the functional diversity and evolutionary history of CRISPR-Cas.
U2 - 10.1038/s41579-019-0299-x
DO - 10.1038/s41579-019-0299-x
M3 - Review
C2 - 31857715
VL - 18
SP - 67
EP - 83
JO - Nature Reviews. Microbiology
JF - Nature Reviews. Microbiology
SN - 1740-1526
ER -
ID: 232254648