TY - JOUR

T1 - DYNAMIC HIP ADDUCTION, ABDUCTION AND ABDOMINAL EXERCISES FROM THE HOLMICH GROIN-INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAM ARE INTENSE ENOUGH TO BE CONSIDERED STRENGTHENING EXERCISES

T2 - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

AU - Krommes, Kasper

AU - Bandholm, Thomas

AU - Jakobsen, Markus D

AU - Andersen, Lars L

AU - Serner, Andreas

AU - Hölmich, Per

AU - Thorborg, Kristian

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - BACKGROUND: Training intensity is an important variable in strength training and above 80% of one repetition maximum is recommended for promoting strength for athletes. Four dynamic and two isometric on-field exercises are included in the Hölmich groin-injury prevention study that initially failed to show a reduction in groin injuries in soccer players. It has been speculated that exercise-intensity in this groin-injury prevention program was too low to induce the strength gains necessary to protect against groin-related injuries.PURPOSE: To estimate the intensity of the six exercises from the Hölmich program using electromyography (EMG) and possibly categorize them as strength-training exercises.STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.METHODS: 21 adult male soccer players training >5 hours weekly were included. Surface-EMG was recorded from adductor longus, gluteus medius, rectus abdominis and external obliques during isometric adduction against a football placed between the ankles (IBA), isometric adduction against a football placed between the knees (IBK), folding knife (FK), cross-country skiing on one leg (CCS), adduction partner (ADP) and abduction partner (ABP). The EMG-signals were normalized (nEMG) to an isometric maximal voluntary contraction for each tested muscle.RESULTS: Adductor longus activity during IBA was 84% nEMG (95% CI: 70-98) and during IBK it was 118% nEMG (95% CI 106-130). For the dynamic exercises, ADP evoked 87% nEMG (95% CI 69-105) in adductor longus, ABP evoked 88% nEMG (95% CI 76-100) in gluteus medius, FK evoked 82% nEMG (95% CI 68-96) rectus abdominis, and 101% nEMG (95% CI 85-118) in external obliques. During CSS < 37% nEMG was evoked from all muscles.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that exercise-intensity of all the six investigated exercises in the Hölmich groin injury prevention program, except cross-county skiing, is sufficient to be considered strength-training for specific muscle groups in and around the groin region.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

AB - BACKGROUND: Training intensity is an important variable in strength training and above 80% of one repetition maximum is recommended for promoting strength for athletes. Four dynamic and two isometric on-field exercises are included in the Hölmich groin-injury prevention study that initially failed to show a reduction in groin injuries in soccer players. It has been speculated that exercise-intensity in this groin-injury prevention program was too low to induce the strength gains necessary to protect against groin-related injuries.PURPOSE: To estimate the intensity of the six exercises from the Hölmich program using electromyography (EMG) and possibly categorize them as strength-training exercises.STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.METHODS: 21 adult male soccer players training >5 hours weekly were included. Surface-EMG was recorded from adductor longus, gluteus medius, rectus abdominis and external obliques during isometric adduction against a football placed between the ankles (IBA), isometric adduction against a football placed between the knees (IBK), folding knife (FK), cross-country skiing on one leg (CCS), adduction partner (ADP) and abduction partner (ABP). The EMG-signals were normalized (nEMG) to an isometric maximal voluntary contraction for each tested muscle.RESULTS: Adductor longus activity during IBA was 84% nEMG (95% CI: 70-98) and during IBK it was 118% nEMG (95% CI 106-130). For the dynamic exercises, ADP evoked 87% nEMG (95% CI 69-105) in adductor longus, ABP evoked 88% nEMG (95% CI 76-100) in gluteus medius, FK evoked 82% nEMG (95% CI 68-96) rectus abdominis, and 101% nEMG (95% CI 85-118) in external obliques. During CSS < 37% nEMG was evoked from all muscles.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that exercise-intensity of all the six investigated exercises in the Hölmich groin injury prevention program, except cross-county skiing, is sufficient to be considered strength-training for specific muscle groups in and around the groin region.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28593090

VL - 12

SP - 371

EP - 380

JO - International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

JF - International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

SN - 2159-2896

IS - 3

ER -