Does prenatal exposure to vitamin D-fortified margarine and milk alter birth weight? A societal experiment

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Standard

Does prenatal exposure to vitamin D-fortified margarine and milk alter birth weight? A societal experiment. / Jensen, Camilla B; Berentzen, Tina L; Gamborg, Michael; Sørensen, Thorkild I A; Heitmann, Berit L.

In: British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 112, No. 5, 14.09.2014, p. 785-793.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Jensen, CB, Berentzen, TL, Gamborg, M, Sørensen, TIA & Heitmann, BL 2014, 'Does prenatal exposure to vitamin D-fortified margarine and milk alter birth weight? A societal experiment', British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 112, no. 5, pp. 785-793. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516002014, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514001330

APA

Jensen, C. B., Berentzen, T. L., Gamborg, M., Sørensen, T. I. A., & Heitmann, B. L. (2014). Does prenatal exposure to vitamin D-fortified margarine and milk alter birth weight? A societal experiment. British Journal of Nutrition, 112(5), 785-793. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516002014, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514001330

Vancouver

Jensen CB, Berentzen TL, Gamborg M, Sørensen TIA, Heitmann BL. Does prenatal exposure to vitamin D-fortified margarine and milk alter birth weight? A societal experiment. British Journal of Nutrition. 2014 Sep 14;112(5):785-793. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516002014, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514001330

Author

Jensen, Camilla B ; Berentzen, Tina L ; Gamborg, Michael ; Sørensen, Thorkild I A ; Heitmann, Berit L. / Does prenatal exposure to vitamin D-fortified margarine and milk alter birth weight? A societal experiment. In: British Journal of Nutrition. 2014 ; Vol. 112, No. 5. pp. 785-793.

Bibtex

@article{f94d7d07f4c24246b9f2b9da5e584287,
title = "Does prenatal exposure to vitamin D-fortified margarine and milk alter birth weight?: A societal experiment",
abstract = "The present study examined whether exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine and milk during prenatal life influenced mean birth weight and the risk of high or low birth weight. The study was based on the Danish vitamin D fortification programme, which was a societal intervention with mandatory fortification of margarine during 1961-1985 and voluntary fortification of low-fat milk between 1972 and 1976. The influence of prenatal vitamin D exposure on birth weight was investigated among 51 883 Danish children, by comparing birth weight among individuals born during 2 years before or after the initiation and termination of vitamin D fortification programmes. In total, four sets of analyses were performed. Information on birth weight was available in the Copenhagen School Health Record Register for all school children in Copenhagen. The mean birth weight was lower among the exposed than non-exposed children during all study periods (milk initiation - 20·3 (95 % CI - 39·2, - 1·4) g; milk termination - 25·9 (95 % CI - 46·0, - 5·7) g; margarine termination - 45·7 (95 % CI - 66·6, - 24·8) g), except during the period around the initiation of margarine fortification, where exposed children were heavier than non-exposed children (margarine initiation 27·4 (95 % CI 10·8, 44·0) g). No differences in the odds of high (>4000 g) or low ( < 2500 g) birth weight were observed between the children exposed and non-exposed to vitamin D fortification prenatally. Prenatal exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine and milk altered birth weight, but the effect was small and inconsistent, reaching the conclusion that vitamin D fortification seems to be clinically irrelevant in relation to fetal growth.",
keywords = "Animals, Birth Weight, Denmark, Female, Fetal Development, Food, Fortified, Humans, Male, Margarine, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Milk, Pregnancy, Seasons, Vitamin D",
author = "Jensen, {Camilla B} and Berentzen, {Tina L} and Michael Gamborg and S{\o}rensen, {Thorkild I A} and Heitmann, {Berit L}",
year = "2014",
month = sep,
day = "14",
doi = "10.1017/S0007114516002014",
language = "English",
volume = "112",
pages = "785--793",
journal = "British Journal of Nutrition",
issn = "0007-1145",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
number = "5",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Does prenatal exposure to vitamin D-fortified margarine and milk alter birth weight?

T2 - A societal experiment

AU - Jensen, Camilla B

AU - Berentzen, Tina L

AU - Gamborg, Michael

AU - Sørensen, Thorkild I A

AU - Heitmann, Berit L

PY - 2014/9/14

Y1 - 2014/9/14

N2 - The present study examined whether exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine and milk during prenatal life influenced mean birth weight and the risk of high or low birth weight. The study was based on the Danish vitamin D fortification programme, which was a societal intervention with mandatory fortification of margarine during 1961-1985 and voluntary fortification of low-fat milk between 1972 and 1976. The influence of prenatal vitamin D exposure on birth weight was investigated among 51 883 Danish children, by comparing birth weight among individuals born during 2 years before or after the initiation and termination of vitamin D fortification programmes. In total, four sets of analyses were performed. Information on birth weight was available in the Copenhagen School Health Record Register for all school children in Copenhagen. The mean birth weight was lower among the exposed than non-exposed children during all study periods (milk initiation - 20·3 (95 % CI - 39·2, - 1·4) g; milk termination - 25·9 (95 % CI - 46·0, - 5·7) g; margarine termination - 45·7 (95 % CI - 66·6, - 24·8) g), except during the period around the initiation of margarine fortification, where exposed children were heavier than non-exposed children (margarine initiation 27·4 (95 % CI 10·8, 44·0) g). No differences in the odds of high (>4000 g) or low ( < 2500 g) birth weight were observed between the children exposed and non-exposed to vitamin D fortification prenatally. Prenatal exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine and milk altered birth weight, but the effect was small and inconsistent, reaching the conclusion that vitamin D fortification seems to be clinically irrelevant in relation to fetal growth.

AB - The present study examined whether exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine and milk during prenatal life influenced mean birth weight and the risk of high or low birth weight. The study was based on the Danish vitamin D fortification programme, which was a societal intervention with mandatory fortification of margarine during 1961-1985 and voluntary fortification of low-fat milk between 1972 and 1976. The influence of prenatal vitamin D exposure on birth weight was investigated among 51 883 Danish children, by comparing birth weight among individuals born during 2 years before or after the initiation and termination of vitamin D fortification programmes. In total, four sets of analyses were performed. Information on birth weight was available in the Copenhagen School Health Record Register for all school children in Copenhagen. The mean birth weight was lower among the exposed than non-exposed children during all study periods (milk initiation - 20·3 (95 % CI - 39·2, - 1·4) g; milk termination - 25·9 (95 % CI - 46·0, - 5·7) g; margarine termination - 45·7 (95 % CI - 66·6, - 24·8) g), except during the period around the initiation of margarine fortification, where exposed children were heavier than non-exposed children (margarine initiation 27·4 (95 % CI 10·8, 44·0) g). No differences in the odds of high (>4000 g) or low ( < 2500 g) birth weight were observed between the children exposed and non-exposed to vitamin D fortification prenatally. Prenatal exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine and milk altered birth weight, but the effect was small and inconsistent, reaching the conclusion that vitamin D fortification seems to be clinically irrelevant in relation to fetal growth.

KW - Animals

KW - Birth Weight

KW - Denmark

KW - Female

KW - Fetal Development

KW - Food, Fortified

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Margarine

KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange

KW - Milk

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Seasons

KW - Vitamin D

U2 - 10.1017/S0007114516002014

DO - 10.1017/S0007114516002014

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25140843

VL - 112

SP - 785

EP - 793

JO - British Journal of Nutrition

JF - British Journal of Nutrition

SN - 0007-1145

IS - 5

ER -

ID: 137619743