TY - JOUR

T1 - Co-occurrence of borderline and schizotypal personality disorders: a scoping review

AU - Meisner, Maria W.

AU - Lenzenweger, Mark F.

AU - Storebø, Ole J.

AU - Petersen, Lea S.

AU - Bach, Bo

AU - Simonsen, Erik

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - BackgroundThe historical concept of borderline conditions refers to the pathology on the border between neurosis and psychosis. In DSM-III the conditions were divided into specific but also somewhat overlapping diagnostic criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD). This phenomenological overlap, which results in co-occurrence of the two diagnoses, remains a clinical challenge to this day.MethodsTo address this issue we examined the co-occurrence of SPD and BPD according to the established DSM-IV/-5 diagnostic criteria. A literature search was conducted including studies that employed a structured interview with defined BPD and SPD criteria.ResultsStudies from 20 samples were included (i.e. 15 patients, 3 community and 2 forensic samples). For patients diagnosed primarily with BPD, 1–27% also met the criteria for SPD and for patients diagnosed primarily with SPD, 5 – 33% showed co-occurrence with BPD. In the forensic samples, co-occurrence for primary BPD was 10% and 67 – 82% for primary SPD. In the community samples, co-occurrence for primary BPD was 29% and 50% for primary SPD. The pattern of co-occurrence across community samples was particularly heterogeneous.ConclusionThe identified co-occurrences for BPD and SPD were considerably sample-dependent, and samples and measurements were generally too heterogeneous for a precise meta-analysis. Forensic and community samples generally showed higher co-occurrences, but these findings were characterized by potential methodological limitations.

AB - BackgroundThe historical concept of borderline conditions refers to the pathology on the border between neurosis and psychosis. In DSM-III the conditions were divided into specific but also somewhat overlapping diagnostic criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD). This phenomenological overlap, which results in co-occurrence of the two diagnoses, remains a clinical challenge to this day.MethodsTo address this issue we examined the co-occurrence of SPD and BPD according to the established DSM-IV/-5 diagnostic criteria. A literature search was conducted including studies that employed a structured interview with defined BPD and SPD criteria.ResultsStudies from 20 samples were included (i.e. 15 patients, 3 community and 2 forensic samples). For patients diagnosed primarily with BPD, 1–27% also met the criteria for SPD and for patients diagnosed primarily with SPD, 5 – 33% showed co-occurrence with BPD. In the forensic samples, co-occurrence for primary BPD was 10% and 67 – 82% for primary SPD. In the community samples, co-occurrence for primary BPD was 29% and 50% for primary SPD. The pattern of co-occurrence across community samples was particularly heterogeneous.ConclusionThe identified co-occurrences for BPD and SPD were considerably sample-dependent, and samples and measurements were generally too heterogeneous for a precise meta-analysis. Forensic and community samples generally showed higher co-occurrences, but these findings were characterized by potential methodological limitations.

U2 - 10.1080/08039488.2023.2254299

DO - 10.1080/08039488.2023.2254299

M3 - Review

C2 - 37682696

VL - 78

SP - 1

EP - 13

JO - Nordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift

JF - Nordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift

SN - 0803-9496

IS - 1

ER -