TY - JOUR

T1 - Comparison of vaccine-induced antibody neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following primary and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines

AU - Hvidt, Astrid K.

AU - Baerends, Eva A. M.

AU - Søgaard, Ole S.

AU - Stærke, Nina B.

AU - Raben, Dorthe

AU - Reekie, Joanne

AU - Nielsen, Henrik

AU - Johansen, Isik S.

AU - Wiese, Lothar

AU - Benfield, Thomas L.

AU - Iversen, Kasper K.

AU - Mustafa, Ahmed B.

AU - Juhl, Maria R.

AU - Petersen, Kristine T.

AU - Ostrowski, Sisse R.

AU - Lindvig, Susan O.

AU - Rasmussen, Line D.

AU - Schleimann, Marianne H.

AU - Andersen, Sidsel D.

AU - Juhl, Anna K.

AU - Dietz, Lisa L.

AU - Andreasen, Signe R.

AU - Lundgren, Jens

AU - Østergaard, Lars

AU - Tolstrup, Martin

N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Hvidt, Baerends, Søgaard, Stærke, Raben, Reekie, Nielsen, Johansen, Wiese, Benfield, Iversen, Mustafa, Juhl, Petersen, Ostrowski, Lindvig, Rasmussen, Schleimann, Andersen, Juhl, Dietz, Andreasen, Lundgren, Østergaard, Tolstrup and the ENFORCE Study Group.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has, as of July 2022, infected more than 550 million people and caused over 6 million deaths across the world. COVID-19 vaccines were quickly developed to protect against severe disease, hospitalization and death. In the present study, we performed a direct comparative analysis of four COVID-19 vaccines: BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), ChAdOx1 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen), following primary and booster vaccination. We focused on the vaccine-induced antibody-mediated immune response against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants: wildtype, B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). The analysis included the quantification of total IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, as well as the quantification of antibody neutralization titers. Furthermore, the study assessed the high-throughput ACE2 competition assay as a surrogate for the traditional pseudovirus neutralization assay. The results demonstrated marked differences in antibody-mediated immune responses. The lowest Spike-specific IgG levels and antibody neutralization titers were induced by one dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, intermediate levels by two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and the highest levels by two doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine or heterologous vaccination of one dose of the ChAdOx1 vaccine and a subsequent mRNA vaccine. The study also demonstrated that accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein mutations was accompanied by a marked decline in antibody neutralization capacity, especially for B.1.1.529. Administration of a booster dose was shown to significantly increase Spike-specific IgG levels and antibody neutralization titers, erasing the differences between the vaccine-induced antibody-mediated immune response between the four vaccines. The findings of this study highlight the importance of booster vaccines and the potential inclusion of future heterologous vaccination strategies for broad protection against current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

AB - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has, as of July 2022, infected more than 550 million people and caused over 6 million deaths across the world. COVID-19 vaccines were quickly developed to protect against severe disease, hospitalization and death. In the present study, we performed a direct comparative analysis of four COVID-19 vaccines: BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), ChAdOx1 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen), following primary and booster vaccination. We focused on the vaccine-induced antibody-mediated immune response against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants: wildtype, B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). The analysis included the quantification of total IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, as well as the quantification of antibody neutralization titers. Furthermore, the study assessed the high-throughput ACE2 competition assay as a surrogate for the traditional pseudovirus neutralization assay. The results demonstrated marked differences in antibody-mediated immune responses. The lowest Spike-specific IgG levels and antibody neutralization titers were induced by one dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, intermediate levels by two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and the highest levels by two doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine or heterologous vaccination of one dose of the ChAdOx1 vaccine and a subsequent mRNA vaccine. The study also demonstrated that accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein mutations was accompanied by a marked decline in antibody neutralization capacity, especially for B.1.1.529. Administration of a booster dose was shown to significantly increase Spike-specific IgG levels and antibody neutralization titers, erasing the differences between the vaccine-induced antibody-mediated immune response between the four vaccines. The findings of this study highlight the importance of booster vaccines and the potential inclusion of future heterologous vaccination strategies for broad protection against current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

KW - antibodies

KW - booster

KW - COVID-19

KW - immunity

KW - neutralization

KW - omicron

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - vaccines

U2 - 10.3389/fmed.2022.994160

DO - 10.3389/fmed.2022.994160

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 36262278

AN - SCOPUS:85139945819

VL - 9

JO - Frontiers in Medicine

JF - Frontiers in Medicine

SN - 2296-858X

M1 - 994160

ER -