TY - JOUR

T1 - Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress

AU - Frijhoff, Jeroen

AU - Winyard, Paul G

AU - Zarkovic, Neven

AU - Davies, Sean S

AU - Stocker, Roland

AU - Cheng, David

AU - Knight, Annie R

AU - Taylor, Emma Louise

AU - Oettrich, Jeannette

AU - Ruskovska, Tatjana

AU - Gasparovic, Ana Cipak

AU - Cuadrado, Antonio

AU - Weber, Daniela

AU - Poulsen, Henrik Enghusen

AU - Grune, Tilman

AU - Schmidt, Harald H H W

AU - Ghezzi, Pietro

PY - 2015

Y1 - 2015

N2 - SIGNIFICANCE: Oxidative stress is considered to be an important component of various diseases. A vast number of methods have been developed and used in virtually all diseases to measure the extent and nature of oxidative stress, ranging from oxidation of DNA to proteins, lipids, and free amino acids.RECENT ADVANCES: An increased understanding of the biology behind diseases and redox biology has led to more specific and sensitive tools to measure oxidative stress markers, which are very diverse and sometimes very low in abundance.CRITICAL ISSUES: The literature is very heterogeneous. It is often difficult to draw general conclusions on the significance of oxidative stress biomarkers, as only in a limited proportion of diseases have a range of different biomarkers been used, and different biomarkers have been used to study different diseases. In addition, biomarkers are often measured using nonspecific methods, while specific methodologies are often too sophisticated or laborious for routine clinical use.FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Several markers of oxidative stress still represent a viable biomarker opportunity for clinical use. However, positive findings with currently used biomarkers still need to be validated in larger sample sizes and compared with current clinical standards to establish them as clinical diagnostics. It is important to realize that oxidative stress is a nuanced phenomenon that is difficult to characterize, and one biomarker is not necessarily better than others. The vast diversity in oxidative stress between diseases and conditions has to be taken into account when selecting the most appropriate biomarker.

AB - SIGNIFICANCE: Oxidative stress is considered to be an important component of various diseases. A vast number of methods have been developed and used in virtually all diseases to measure the extent and nature of oxidative stress, ranging from oxidation of DNA to proteins, lipids, and free amino acids.RECENT ADVANCES: An increased understanding of the biology behind diseases and redox biology has led to more specific and sensitive tools to measure oxidative stress markers, which are very diverse and sometimes very low in abundance.CRITICAL ISSUES: The literature is very heterogeneous. It is often difficult to draw general conclusions on the significance of oxidative stress biomarkers, as only in a limited proportion of diseases have a range of different biomarkers been used, and different biomarkers have been used to study different diseases. In addition, biomarkers are often measured using nonspecific methods, while specific methodologies are often too sophisticated or laborious for routine clinical use.FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Several markers of oxidative stress still represent a viable biomarker opportunity for clinical use. However, positive findings with currently used biomarkers still need to be validated in larger sample sizes and compared with current clinical standards to establish them as clinical diagnostics. It is important to realize that oxidative stress is a nuanced phenomenon that is difficult to characterize, and one biomarker is not necessarily better than others. The vast diversity in oxidative stress between diseases and conditions has to be taken into account when selecting the most appropriate biomarker.

U2 - 10.1089/ars.2015.6317

DO - 10.1089/ars.2015.6317

M3 - Review

C2 - 26415143

VL - 23

SP - 1144

EP - 1170

JO - Antioxidants and Redox Signaling

JF - Antioxidants and Redox Signaling

SN - 1523-0864

IS - 14

ER -