Biological sex does not predict glymphatic influx in healthy young, middle aged or old mice
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Biological sex does not predict glymphatic influx in healthy young, middle aged or old mice. / Giannetto, Michael; Xia, Maosheng; Stæger, Frederik Filip; Metcalfe, Tanner; Vinitsky, Hanna S.; Dang, Juliana A.M.L.; Xavier, Anna L.R.; Kress, Benjamin T.; Nedergaard, Maiken; Hablitz, Lauren M.
In: Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, No. 1, 16073, 2020.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Biological sex does not predict glymphatic influx in healthy young, middle aged or old mice
AU - Giannetto, Michael
AU - Xia, Maosheng
AU - Stæger, Frederik Filip
AU - Metcalfe, Tanner
AU - Vinitsky, Hanna S.
AU - Dang, Juliana A.M.L.
AU - Xavier, Anna L.R.
AU - Kress, Benjamin T.
AU - Nedergaard, Maiken
AU - Hablitz, Lauren M.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Sexual dimorphism is evident in brain structure, size, and function throughout multiple species. Here, we tested whether cerebrospinal fluid entry into the glymphatic system, a network of perivascular fluid transport that clears metabolic waste from the brain, was altered between male and female mice. We analyze glymphatic influx in 244 young reproductive age (2–4 months) C57BL/6 mice. We found no male/female differences in total influx under anesthesia, or across the anterior/posterior axis of the brain. Circadian-dependent changes in glymphatic influx under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia were not altered by sex. This was not true for diurnal rhythms under pentobarbital and avertin, but both still showed daily oscillations independent of biological sex. Finally, although glymphatic influx decreases with age there was no sex difference in total influx or subregion-dependent tracer distribution in 17 middle aged (9–10 months) and 36 old (22–24 months) mice. Overall, in healthy adult C57BL/6 mice we could not detect male/female differences in glymphatic influx. This finding contrasts the gender differences in common neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that additional sex-dependent co-morbidities, such as chronic stress, protein misfolding, traumatic brain injury or other pathological mechanisms may explain the increased risk for developing proteinopathies rather than pre-existing suppression of glymphatic influx.
AB - Sexual dimorphism is evident in brain structure, size, and function throughout multiple species. Here, we tested whether cerebrospinal fluid entry into the glymphatic system, a network of perivascular fluid transport that clears metabolic waste from the brain, was altered between male and female mice. We analyze glymphatic influx in 244 young reproductive age (2–4 months) C57BL/6 mice. We found no male/female differences in total influx under anesthesia, or across the anterior/posterior axis of the brain. Circadian-dependent changes in glymphatic influx under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia were not altered by sex. This was not true for diurnal rhythms under pentobarbital and avertin, but both still showed daily oscillations independent of biological sex. Finally, although glymphatic influx decreases with age there was no sex difference in total influx or subregion-dependent tracer distribution in 17 middle aged (9–10 months) and 36 old (22–24 months) mice. Overall, in healthy adult C57BL/6 mice we could not detect male/female differences in glymphatic influx. This finding contrasts the gender differences in common neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that additional sex-dependent co-morbidities, such as chronic stress, protein misfolding, traumatic brain injury or other pathological mechanisms may explain the increased risk for developing proteinopathies rather than pre-existing suppression of glymphatic influx.
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-020-72621-3
DO - 10.1038/s41598-020-72621-3
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 32999319
AN - SCOPUS:85091720160
VL - 10
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
SN - 2045-2322
IS - 1
M1 - 16073
ER -
ID: 250475972