Archaeal CRISPR-based immune systems: exchangeable functional modules
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
Standard
Archaeal CRISPR-based immune systems : exchangeable functional modules. / Garrett, Roger A; Vestergaard, Gisle Alberg; Shah, Shiraz Ali.
In: Trends in Microbiology, Vol. 19, No. 11, 2011, p. 549-56.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Archaeal CRISPR-based immune systems
T2 - exchangeable functional modules
AU - Garrett, Roger A
AU - Vestergaard, Gisle Alberg
AU - Shah, Shiraz Ali
N1 - Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based immune systems are essentially modular with three primary functions: the excision and integration of new spacers, the processing of CRISPR transcripts to yield mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs), and the targeting and cleavage of foreign nucleic acid. The primary target appears to be the DNA of foreign genetic elements, but the CRISPR/Cmr system that is widespread amongst archaea also specifically targets and cleaves RNA in vitro. The archaeal CRISPR systems tend to be both diverse and complex. Here we examine evidence for exchange of functional modules between archaeal systems that is likely to contribute to their diversity, particularly of their nucleic acid targeting and cleavage functions. The molecular constraints that limit such exchange are considered. We also summarize mechanisms underlying the dynamic nature of CRISPR loci and the evidence for intergenomic exchange of CRISPR systems.
AB - CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based immune systems are essentially modular with three primary functions: the excision and integration of new spacers, the processing of CRISPR transcripts to yield mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs), and the targeting and cleavage of foreign nucleic acid. The primary target appears to be the DNA of foreign genetic elements, but the CRISPR/Cmr system that is widespread amongst archaea also specifically targets and cleaves RNA in vitro. The archaeal CRISPR systems tend to be both diverse and complex. Here we examine evidence for exchange of functional modules between archaeal systems that is likely to contribute to their diversity, particularly of their nucleic acid targeting and cleavage functions. The molecular constraints that limit such exchange are considered. We also summarize mechanisms underlying the dynamic nature of CRISPR loci and the evidence for intergenomic exchange of CRISPR systems.
KW - Archaea
KW - Bacteriophages
KW - Biological Evolution
KW - DNA, Archaeal
KW - Inverted Repeat Sequences
U2 - 10.1016/j.tim.2011.08.002
DO - 10.1016/j.tim.2011.08.002
M3 - Review
C2 - 21945420
VL - 19
SP - 549
EP - 556
JO - Trends in Microbiology
JF - Trends in Microbiology
SN - 0966-842X
IS - 11
ER -
ID: 37635898