Thyroid dysfunction and exudative age-related macular degeneration – A longitudinal nationwide registry-based cohort study
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Thyroid dysfunction and exudative age-related macular degeneration – A longitudinal nationwide registry-based cohort study. / Boulakh, Lena; Isaksen, Jonas L.; Poulsen, Henrik Enghusen; Faber, Jens; Heegaard, Steffen; Nygaard, Birte; Kanters, Jørgen Kim; Toft, Peter Bjerre; Udholm, Patricia Mortens; Bek, Toke; Hesgaard, Helena Buch; Ellervik, Christina.
I: Acta Ophthalmologica, 2024.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Thyroid dysfunction and exudative age-related macular degeneration – A longitudinal nationwide registry-based cohort study
AU - Boulakh, Lena
AU - Isaksen, Jonas L.
AU - Poulsen, Henrik Enghusen
AU - Faber, Jens
AU - Heegaard, Steffen
AU - Nygaard, Birte
AU - Kanters, Jørgen Kim
AU - Toft, Peter Bjerre
AU - Udholm, Patricia Mortens
AU - Bek, Toke
AU - Hesgaard, Helena Buch
AU - Ellervik, Christina
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Acta Ophthalmologica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Purpose: The association between thyroid dysfunction and exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unknown. Methods: In this Danish longitudinal nationwide registry-based cohort study we included all Danish residents aged 50–100 between 2008 and 2018. Using the Danish national registries, we studied the association between thyroid dysfunction and exudative AMD. Thyroid dysfunction was classified as two consecutive redeemed prescriptions of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism) or anti-thyroid medication (hyperthyroidism). Exudative AMD was classified as an ICD diagnosis of AMD and a code for anti-VEGF treatment. All patients are treated for exudative AMD in a hospital in Denmark, and we therefore have complete registration of this patient group. Results: We included 2 087 305 individuals, of which 1 072 567 (51.4%) were women; 59 318 (2.8%) had hypothyroidism, and 33 922 (1.6%) had hyperthyroidism. During a median follow-up of 11 years, 26 998 (1.3%) people developed exudative AMD. Hypothyroidism (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.25; p < 0.001) and hyperthyroidism (HR: 1.23; 95% CI:1.13–1.34; p < 0.001) were both associated with the development of exudative AMD. The age-stratified analyses yielded similar results to the main analyses, except that the risks were exaggerated in the older part of the population. Conclusion: This is the first longitudinal nationwide study showing that both hypo- and hyperthyroidism are associated with an increased risk of exudative AMD. AMD is a quantitative problem in the population and our findings could have a public health impact. Further studies are needed to study the underlying mechanisms of the association.
AB - Purpose: The association between thyroid dysfunction and exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unknown. Methods: In this Danish longitudinal nationwide registry-based cohort study we included all Danish residents aged 50–100 between 2008 and 2018. Using the Danish national registries, we studied the association between thyroid dysfunction and exudative AMD. Thyroid dysfunction was classified as two consecutive redeemed prescriptions of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism) or anti-thyroid medication (hyperthyroidism). Exudative AMD was classified as an ICD diagnosis of AMD and a code for anti-VEGF treatment. All patients are treated for exudative AMD in a hospital in Denmark, and we therefore have complete registration of this patient group. Results: We included 2 087 305 individuals, of which 1 072 567 (51.4%) were women; 59 318 (2.8%) had hypothyroidism, and 33 922 (1.6%) had hyperthyroidism. During a median follow-up of 11 years, 26 998 (1.3%) people developed exudative AMD. Hypothyroidism (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.25; p < 0.001) and hyperthyroidism (HR: 1.23; 95% CI:1.13–1.34; p < 0.001) were both associated with the development of exudative AMD. The age-stratified analyses yielded similar results to the main analyses, except that the risks were exaggerated in the older part of the population. Conclusion: This is the first longitudinal nationwide study showing that both hypo- and hyperthyroidism are associated with an increased risk of exudative AMD. AMD is a quantitative problem in the population and our findings could have a public health impact. Further studies are needed to study the underlying mechanisms of the association.
KW - AMD
KW - exudative AMD
KW - hyperthyroidism
KW - hypothyroidism
KW - systemic disease
KW - thyroid disease
KW - thyroid dysfunction
U2 - 10.1111/aos.16705
DO - 10.1111/aos.16705
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38712900
AN - SCOPUS:85192148528
JO - Acta Ophthalmologica
JF - Acta Ophthalmologica
SN - 1755-375X
ER -
ID: 391631645