TY - JOUR

T1 - The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease

AU - Hortobágyi, Tibor

AU - Vetrovsky, Tomas

AU - Balbim, Guilherme Moraes

AU - Sorte Silva, Nárlon Cássio Boa

AU - Manca, Andrea

AU - Deriu, Franca

AU - Kolmos, Mia

AU - Kruuse, Christina

AU - Liu-Ambrose, Teresa

AU - Radák, Zsolt

AU - Váczi, Márk

AU - Johansson, Hanna

AU - dos Santos, Paulo Cezar Rocha

AU - Franzén, Erika

AU - Granacher, Urs

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Objective: To determine the effects of low- vs. high-intensity aerobic and resistance training on motor and cognitive function, brain activation, brain structure, and neurochemical markers of neuroplasticity and the association thereof in healthy young and older adults and in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Design: Systematic review and robust variance estimation meta-analysis with meta-regression. Data sources: Systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Results: Fifty studies with 60 intervention arms and 2283 in-analyses participants were included. Due to the low number of studies, the three patient groups were combined and analyzed as a single group. Overall, low- (g=0.19, p = 0.024) and high-intensity exercise (g=0.40, p = 0.001) improved neuroplasticity. Exercise intensity scaled with neuroplasticity only in healthy young adults but not in healthy older adults or patient groups. Exercise-induced improvements in neuroplasticity were associated with changes in motor but not cognitive outcomes. Conclusion: Exercise intensity is an important variable to dose and individualize the exercise stimulus for healthy young individuals but not necessarily for healthy older adults and neurological patients. This conclusion warrants caution because studies are needed that directly compare the effects of low- vs. high-intensity exercise on neuroplasticity to determine if such changes are mechanistically and incrementally linked to improved cognition and motor function.

AB - Objective: To determine the effects of low- vs. high-intensity aerobic and resistance training on motor and cognitive function, brain activation, brain structure, and neurochemical markers of neuroplasticity and the association thereof in healthy young and older adults and in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Design: Systematic review and robust variance estimation meta-analysis with meta-regression. Data sources: Systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Results: Fifty studies with 60 intervention arms and 2283 in-analyses participants were included. Due to the low number of studies, the three patient groups were combined and analyzed as a single group. Overall, low- (g=0.19, p = 0.024) and high-intensity exercise (g=0.40, p = 0.001) improved neuroplasticity. Exercise intensity scaled with neuroplasticity only in healthy young adults but not in healthy older adults or patient groups. Exercise-induced improvements in neuroplasticity were associated with changes in motor but not cognitive outcomes. Conclusion: Exercise intensity is an important variable to dose and individualize the exercise stimulus for healthy young individuals but not necessarily for healthy older adults and neurological patients. This conclusion warrants caution because studies are needed that directly compare the effects of low- vs. high-intensity exercise on neuroplasticity to determine if such changes are mechanistically and incrementally linked to improved cognition and motor function.

KW - Aging

KW - Cognition motor function

KW - Exercise

KW - Intensity Dose-response relationship

U2 - 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101698

DO - 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101698

M3 - Review

C2 - 35853549

AN - SCOPUS:85134714217

VL - 80

JO - Ageing Research Reviews

JF - Ageing Research Reviews

SN - 1568-1637

M1 - 101698

ER -