There is an established linkage between dyslexia and anomalous processing of speech sounds. We probed this in a Danish language context with vowel length tasks based on “kugle” ball /ku:lə/ and sequential deletions of the vowel portion to yield “kulde” coldness /kulə/. Vowel length continua are methodologically advantageous as they do not involve the perception of a sudden phonetic change that may instead tap other auditory processing abilities. Identification and discrimination tasks were administered to tertiary (n = 28), reading impaired (n = 26), and lower secondary students (n = 20), and the latter were approximately aged matched to the reading-impaired group. Identification functions derived from regression modelling of the responses showed that the dyslexics had significantly flatter curves than the other groups. Moreover, the secondary and dyslexic groups differed at the long vowel extremity of the continuum. Discrimination results showed that mean peak sensitivity of the tertiary students was higher than that of the secondary and dyslexic students. These results indicate that the phonological-coding deficit observed in dyslexics may be indexed by vowel length identification. Furthermore, identification results suggest that the nature of the phonological-coding deficit concomitant with dyslexia may stem from a lack of precision in processing the minimally modified longer vowel stimuli.