TY - JOUR

T1 - Novel insights into contact dermatitis

AU - Johansen, Jeanne Duus

AU - Bonefeld, Charlotte Menné

AU - Schwensen, Jakob Ferløv Baselius

AU - Thyssen, Jacob Pontoppidan

AU - Uter, Wolfgang

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Contact dermatitis is a common disease that is caused by repeated skin contact with contact allergens or irritants, resulting in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and/or irritant contact dermatitis. Attempts have been made to identify biomarkers to distinguish irritant and allergic patch test reactions, which could aid diagnosis. Some promising candidates have recently been identified, but verification and validation in clinical cases still need to be done. New causes of ACD are constantly being recognized. In this review, 10 new contact allergens from recent years, several relating to anti-aging products, have been identified. Frequent allergens causing considerable morbidity in the population, such as the preservative methylisothiazolinone, have been regulated in the European Union. A significant drop in the number of cases has been seen, whereas high rates are still occurring in other areas such as North America. Other frequent causes are fragrance allergens, especially the widely used terpenes and acrylates found in medical devices for control of diabetes. These represent unsolved problems. Recent advances in immunology have opened the way for a better understanding of the complexity of contact dermatitis, especially ACD—a disease that may be more heterogenous that previous understood, with several subtypes. With the rapidly evolving molecular understanding of ACD, the potential for development of new drugs for personalized treatment of contact dermatitis is considerable.

AB - Contact dermatitis is a common disease that is caused by repeated skin contact with contact allergens or irritants, resulting in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and/or irritant contact dermatitis. Attempts have been made to identify biomarkers to distinguish irritant and allergic patch test reactions, which could aid diagnosis. Some promising candidates have recently been identified, but verification and validation in clinical cases still need to be done. New causes of ACD are constantly being recognized. In this review, 10 new contact allergens from recent years, several relating to anti-aging products, have been identified. Frequent allergens causing considerable morbidity in the population, such as the preservative methylisothiazolinone, have been regulated in the European Union. A significant drop in the number of cases has been seen, whereas high rates are still occurring in other areas such as North America. Other frequent causes are fragrance allergens, especially the widely used terpenes and acrylates found in medical devices for control of diabetes. These represent unsolved problems. Recent advances in immunology have opened the way for a better understanding of the complexity of contact dermatitis, especially ACD—a disease that may be more heterogenous that previous understood, with several subtypes. With the rapidly evolving molecular understanding of ACD, the potential for development of new drugs for personalized treatment of contact dermatitis is considerable.

KW - Allergic contact dermatitis

KW - CXCL10

KW - CXCL9

KW - dupilumab

KW - epidermal transcriptome

KW - IL-16

KW - innate immunity

KW - irritant contact dermatitis

KW - isobornyl acrylate

KW - JAK-1 inhibitor

KW - methylisothiazolinone

KW - T cells

KW - ZBP1

U2 - 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.002

DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.002

M3 - Review

C2 - 35183605

AN - SCOPUS:85127173892

VL - 149

SP - 1162

EP - 1171

JO - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

SN - 0091-6749

IS - 4

ER -