Nickel release from metallic earrings: A survey of the Danish market and validation of the nickel spot test
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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Nickel release from metallic earrings : A survey of the Danish market and validation of the nickel spot test. / Wennervaldt, Michael; Ahlström, Malin G.; Menné, Torkil; Thyssen, Jacob P.; Johansen, Jeanne D.
I: Contact Dermatitis, Bind 85, Nr. 2, 2021, s. 178-185.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Nickel release from metallic earrings
T2 - A survey of the Danish market and validation of the nickel spot test
AU - Wennervaldt, Michael
AU - Ahlström, Malin G.
AU - Menné, Torkil
AU - Thyssen, Jacob P.
AU - Johansen, Jeanne D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: Exposure to nickel releasing ear piercing jewellery may explain the persistently high prevalence of nickel allergy in Europe. While nickel release from earrings is regulated, field studies show that the regulation is not always respected. More knowledge is needed regarding the risk of piercing exposure including suitable screening methods. Objective: To examine the proportion of earrings on the Danish market that release more nickel than allowed, and to validate the use of the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test as a screening tool. Methods: A total of 304 earrings were purchased and tested with the DMG test and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The level of nickel release was quantified in a selected subsample of 100 earrings by the European reference test EN 1811. The DMG spot test was validated against EN 1811 at different thresholds. Results: Excessive nickel release according to the European regulation was found in 45 (14.8%) tested earrings. The sensitivity of the DMG test decreased with reduced levels of nickel release (sensitivity of 45.2% at ≥0.2 μg/cm2/week vs 61.1% at >0.5 μg/cm2/week). Conclusion: Excessive nickel release is common in earrings on the Danish market. Because of low sensitivity, the DMG test has limited use in screening of earrings for research but may still be used clinically.
AB - Background: Exposure to nickel releasing ear piercing jewellery may explain the persistently high prevalence of nickel allergy in Europe. While nickel release from earrings is regulated, field studies show that the regulation is not always respected. More knowledge is needed regarding the risk of piercing exposure including suitable screening methods. Objective: To examine the proportion of earrings on the Danish market that release more nickel than allowed, and to validate the use of the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test as a screening tool. Methods: A total of 304 earrings were purchased and tested with the DMG test and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The level of nickel release was quantified in a selected subsample of 100 earrings by the European reference test EN 1811. The DMG spot test was validated against EN 1811 at different thresholds. Results: Excessive nickel release according to the European regulation was found in 45 (14.8%) tested earrings. The sensitivity of the DMG test decreased with reduced levels of nickel release (sensitivity of 45.2% at ≥0.2 μg/cm2/week vs 61.1% at >0.5 μg/cm2/week). Conclusion: Excessive nickel release is common in earrings on the Danish market. Because of low sensitivity, the DMG test has limited use in screening of earrings for research but may still be used clinically.
KW - contact allergy
KW - DMG
KW - EN 1811
KW - exposure analysis
KW - jewellery
KW - nickel
KW - spot test
KW - XRF
U2 - 10.1111/cod.13832
DO - 10.1111/cod.13832
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33713466
AN - SCOPUS:85103540595
VL - 85
SP - 178
EP - 185
JO - Contact Dermatitis. Supplement
JF - Contact Dermatitis. Supplement
SN - 1396-6669
IS - 2
ER -
ID: 304281467