Myopia prevalence in Denmark: a review of 140 years of myopia research
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Myopia prevalence in Denmark : a review of 140 years of myopia research. / Hansen, Mathias Hvidtfeldt; Hvid-Hansen, Anders; Jacobsen, Nina; Kessel, Line.
I: Acta Ophthalmologica, Bind 99, Nr. 2, 2021, s. 118-127.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Myopia prevalence in Denmark
T2 - a review of 140 years of myopia research
AU - Hansen, Mathias Hvidtfeldt
AU - Hvid-Hansen, Anders
AU - Jacobsen, Nina
AU - Kessel, Line
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Purpose: To evaluate potential changes in myopia prevalence in Denmark by revising more than 100 years of myopia research. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Only studies reporting a myopia prevalence in Denmark were included. Myopia was defined using the definition in individual references. We did not restrict inclusion of studies to specific methods of measuring or evaluating refraction. As refraction changes throughout life, information from available studies was divided in relevant age groups. Chi-squared test was used when analysing the effect of sex and education on myopia prevalence except when the expected values were beneath 5, where Fisher’s exact test was used. To further compare the effect of sex, we calculated the odds ratio of being myopic for females compared to males. Results: We identified 29 Danish studies reporting on prevalence of myopia. The studies were performed between year 1882 and 2018. We found no strong evidence of an increase in myopia prevalence in Denmark. Increasing age was associated with an increased myopia prevalence up to the age of 60 years where after the prevalence decreased. Longer education and more intensive educational load were associated with myopia. Fourteen studies compared the prevalence of myopia between males and females and two of these studies found a significant higher prevalence in females. Conclusion: We evaluated nearly 140 years of myopia research in Denmark and did not find a convincing change in prevalence of myopia which is in contrast to the high prevalence of myopia reported in some parts of the world and the expected rise in myopia as predicted by WHO.
AB - Purpose: To evaluate potential changes in myopia prevalence in Denmark by revising more than 100 years of myopia research. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Only studies reporting a myopia prevalence in Denmark were included. Myopia was defined using the definition in individual references. We did not restrict inclusion of studies to specific methods of measuring or evaluating refraction. As refraction changes throughout life, information from available studies was divided in relevant age groups. Chi-squared test was used when analysing the effect of sex and education on myopia prevalence except when the expected values were beneath 5, where Fisher’s exact test was used. To further compare the effect of sex, we calculated the odds ratio of being myopic for females compared to males. Results: We identified 29 Danish studies reporting on prevalence of myopia. The studies were performed between year 1882 and 2018. We found no strong evidence of an increase in myopia prevalence in Denmark. Increasing age was associated with an increased myopia prevalence up to the age of 60 years where after the prevalence decreased. Longer education and more intensive educational load were associated with myopia. Fourteen studies compared the prevalence of myopia between males and females and two of these studies found a significant higher prevalence in females. Conclusion: We evaluated nearly 140 years of myopia research in Denmark and did not find a convincing change in prevalence of myopia which is in contrast to the high prevalence of myopia reported in some parts of the world and the expected rise in myopia as predicted by WHO.
KW - education
KW - high myopia
KW - myopia
KW - pathological myopia
KW - prevalence
KW - prevention
KW - time outdoors
U2 - 10.1111/aos.14562
DO - 10.1111/aos.14562
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 32767542
AN - SCOPUS:85089093506
VL - 99
SP - 118
EP - 127
JO - Acta Ophthalmologica
JF - Acta Ophthalmologica
SN - 1755-375X
IS - 2
ER -
ID: 251584858