Modeling the environmental fate of bracken toxin ptaquiloside: Production, release and transport in the rhizosphere
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Modeling the environmental fate of bracken toxin ptaquiloside : Production, release and transport in the rhizosphere. / García-Jorgensen, Daniel B.; Holbak, Maja; Hansen, Hans Chr. Bruun; Abrahamsen, Per; Diamantopoulos, Efstathios.
I: Science of the Total Environment, Bind 921, 170658, 2024.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Modeling the environmental fate of bracken toxin ptaquiloside
T2 - Production, release and transport in the rhizosphere
AU - García-Jorgensen, Daniel B.
AU - Holbak, Maja
AU - Hansen, Hans Chr. Bruun
AU - Abrahamsen, Per
AU - Diamantopoulos, Efstathios
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Plants produce a diverse array of toxic compounds which may be released by precipitation, explaining their wide occurrence in surrounding soil and water. This study presents the first mechanistic model for describing the generation and environmental fate of a natural toxin, i.e. ptaquiloside (PTA), a carcinogenic phytotoxin produced by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn). The newly adapted DAISY model was calibrated based on two-year monitoring performed in the period 2018–2019 in a Danish bracken population located in a forest glade. Several functions related to the fate of PTA were calibrated, covering processes from toxin generation in the canopy, wash off by precipitation and degradation in the soil. Model results show a good description of observed bracken biomass and PTA contents, supporting the assumption that toxin production can be explained by the production of new biomass. Model results show that only 4.4 % of the PTA produced in bracken is washed off by precipitation, from both canopy and litter. Model simulations showed that PTA degrades rapidly once in the soil, especially during summer due to the high soil temperatures. Leaching takes place in form of pulses directly connected to precipitation events, with maximum simulated concentrations up to 4.39 μg L−1 at 50 cm depth. Macropore transport is mainly responsible for the events with the highest PTA concentrations, contributing to 72 % of the total mass of PTA leached. Based on the results, we identify areas with high density of bracken, high precipitation during the summer and soils characterized by fast transport, as the most vulnerable to surface and groundwater pollution by phytotoxins.
AB - Plants produce a diverse array of toxic compounds which may be released by precipitation, explaining their wide occurrence in surrounding soil and water. This study presents the first mechanistic model for describing the generation and environmental fate of a natural toxin, i.e. ptaquiloside (PTA), a carcinogenic phytotoxin produced by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn). The newly adapted DAISY model was calibrated based on two-year monitoring performed in the period 2018–2019 in a Danish bracken population located in a forest glade. Several functions related to the fate of PTA were calibrated, covering processes from toxin generation in the canopy, wash off by precipitation and degradation in the soil. Model results show a good description of observed bracken biomass and PTA contents, supporting the assumption that toxin production can be explained by the production of new biomass. Model results show that only 4.4 % of the PTA produced in bracken is washed off by precipitation, from both canopy and litter. Model simulations showed that PTA degrades rapidly once in the soil, especially during summer due to the high soil temperatures. Leaching takes place in form of pulses directly connected to precipitation events, with maximum simulated concentrations up to 4.39 μg L−1 at 50 cm depth. Macropore transport is mainly responsible for the events with the highest PTA concentrations, contributing to 72 % of the total mass of PTA leached. Based on the results, we identify areas with high density of bracken, high precipitation during the summer and soils characterized by fast transport, as the most vulnerable to surface and groundwater pollution by phytotoxins.
KW - Bracken fern
KW - Mechanistic model
KW - Ptaquiloside
KW - Toxin leaching
KW - Toxin production
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170658
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170658
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38340825
AN - SCOPUS:85185809249
VL - 921
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
M1 - 170658
ER -
ID: 390179617