TY - JOUR

T1 - International comparison of glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes

T2 - an update and extension

AU - Prigge, Regina

AU - McKnight, John A.

AU - Wild, Sarah H.

AU - Haynes, Aveni

AU - Jones, Timothy W.

AU - Davis, Elizabeth A.

AU - Rami-Merhar, Birgit

AU - Fritsch, Maria

AU - Prchla, Christine

AU - Lavens, Astrid

AU - Doggen, Kris

AU - Chao, Suchsia

AU - Aronson, Ronnie

AU - Brown, Ruth

AU - Ibfelt, Else H.

AU - Svensson, Jannet

AU - Young, Robert

AU - Warner, Justin T.

AU - Robinson, Holy

AU - Laatikainen, Tiina

AU - Rautiainen, Päivi

AU - Delemer, Brigitte

AU - Souchon, Pierre François

AU - Diallo, Alpha M.

AU - Holl, Reinhard W.

AU - Schmid, Sebastian M.

AU - Raile, Klemens

AU - Tigas, Stelios

AU - Bargiota, Alexandra

AU - Zografou, Ioanna

AU - Luk, Andrea O. Y.

AU - Chan, Juliana C. N.

AU - Dinneen, Sean F.

AU - Buckley, Claire M.

AU - Kgosidialwa, Oratile

AU - Cherubini, Valentino

AU - Gesuita, Rosaria

AU - Strele, Ieva

AU - Pildava, Santa

AU - Veeze, Henk

AU - Aanstoot, Henk-Jan

AU - Mul, Dick

AU - Jefferies, Craig

AU - Cooper, John G.

AU - Løvaas, Karianne Fjeld

AU - Battelino, Tadej

AU - Dovc, Klemen

AU - Bratina, Nataša

AU - Eeg-Olofsson, Katarina

AU - Svensson, Ann-Marie

AU - Gudbjornsdottir, Soffia

AU - Globa, Evgenia

AU - Zelinska, Nataliya

N1 - © 2021 Diabetes UK.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - AIMS: To update and extend a previous cross-sectional international comparison of glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes.METHODS: Data were obtained for 520,392 children and adults with type 1 diabetes from 17 population and five clinic-based data sources in countries or regions between 2016 and 2020. Median HbA1c (IQR) and proportions of individuals with HbA1c < 58 mmol/mol (<7.5%), 58-74 mmol/mol (7.5-8.9%) and ≥75 mmol/mol (≥9.0%) were compared between populations for individuals aged <15, 15-24 and ≥25 years. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of HbA1c < 58 mmol/mol (<7.5%) relative to ≥58 mmol/mol (≥7.5%), stratified and adjusted for sex, age and data source. Where possible, changes in the proportion of individuals in each HbA1c category compared to previous estimates were calculated.RESULTS: Median HbA1c varied from 55 to 79 mmol/mol (7.2 to 9.4%) across data sources and age groups so a pooled estimate was deemed inappropriate. OR (95% CI) for HbA1c < 58 mmol/mol (<7.5%) were 0.91 (0.90-0.92) for women compared to men, 1.68 (1.65-1.71) for people aged <15 years and 0.81 (0.79-0.82) aged15-24 years compared to those aged ≥25 years. Differences between populations persisted after adjusting for sex, age and data source. In general, compared to our previous analysis, the proportion of people with an HbA1c < 58 mmol/l (<7.5%) increased and proportions of people with HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (≥9.0%) decreased.CONCLUSIONS: Glycaemic control of type 1 diabetes continues to vary substantially between age groups and data sources. While some improvement over time has been observed, glycaemic control remains sub-optimal for most people with Type 1 diabetes.

AB - AIMS: To update and extend a previous cross-sectional international comparison of glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes.METHODS: Data were obtained for 520,392 children and adults with type 1 diabetes from 17 population and five clinic-based data sources in countries or regions between 2016 and 2020. Median HbA1c (IQR) and proportions of individuals with HbA1c < 58 mmol/mol (<7.5%), 58-74 mmol/mol (7.5-8.9%) and ≥75 mmol/mol (≥9.0%) were compared between populations for individuals aged <15, 15-24 and ≥25 years. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of HbA1c < 58 mmol/mol (<7.5%) relative to ≥58 mmol/mol (≥7.5%), stratified and adjusted for sex, age and data source. Where possible, changes in the proportion of individuals in each HbA1c category compared to previous estimates were calculated.RESULTS: Median HbA1c varied from 55 to 79 mmol/mol (7.2 to 9.4%) across data sources and age groups so a pooled estimate was deemed inappropriate. OR (95% CI) for HbA1c < 58 mmol/mol (<7.5%) were 0.91 (0.90-0.92) for women compared to men, 1.68 (1.65-1.71) for people aged <15 years and 0.81 (0.79-0.82) aged15-24 years compared to those aged ≥25 years. Differences between populations persisted after adjusting for sex, age and data source. In general, compared to our previous analysis, the proportion of people with an HbA1c < 58 mmol/l (<7.5%) increased and proportions of people with HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (≥9.0%) decreased.CONCLUSIONS: Glycaemic control of type 1 diabetes continues to vary substantially between age groups and data sources. While some improvement over time has been observed, glycaemic control remains sub-optimal for most people with Type 1 diabetes.

U2 - 10.1111/dme.14766

DO - 10.1111/dme.14766

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34890078

VL - 39

JO - Diabetic Medicine

JF - Diabetic Medicine

SN - 0742-3071

IS - 5

M1 - e14766

ER -