TY - JOUR

T1 - Hepatokines - a novel group of exercise factors

AU - Weigert, Cora

AU - Hoene, Miriam

AU - Plomgaard, Peter

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Regular physical activity not only improves the exercise capacity of the skeletal muscle performing the contractions, but it is beneficial for the whole body. An extensive search for “exercise factors” mediating these beneficial effects has been going on for decades. Particularly skeletal muscle tissue has been investigated as a source of circulating exercise factors, and several myokines have been identified. However, exercise also has an impact on other tissues. The liver is interposed between energy storing and energy utilising tissues and is highly active during exercise, maintaining energy homeostasis. Recently, a novel group of exercise factors—termed hepatokines—has emerged. These proteins (fibroblast growth factor 21, follistatin, angiopoietin-like protein 4, heat shock protein 72, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1) are released from the liver and increased in the bloodstream during or in the recovery after an exercise bout. In this narrative review, we evaluate this new group of exercise factors focusing on the regulation and potential function in exercise metabolism and adaptations. These hepatokines may convey some of the beneficial whole-body effects of exercise that could ameliorate metabolic diseases, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes.

AB - Regular physical activity not only improves the exercise capacity of the skeletal muscle performing the contractions, but it is beneficial for the whole body. An extensive search for “exercise factors” mediating these beneficial effects has been going on for decades. Particularly skeletal muscle tissue has been investigated as a source of circulating exercise factors, and several myokines have been identified. However, exercise also has an impact on other tissues. The liver is interposed between energy storing and energy utilising tissues and is highly active during exercise, maintaining energy homeostasis. Recently, a novel group of exercise factors—termed hepatokines—has emerged. These proteins (fibroblast growth factor 21, follistatin, angiopoietin-like protein 4, heat shock protein 72, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1) are released from the liver and increased in the bloodstream during or in the recovery after an exercise bout. In this narrative review, we evaluate this new group of exercise factors focusing on the regulation and potential function in exercise metabolism and adaptations. These hepatokines may convey some of the beneficial whole-body effects of exercise that could ameliorate metabolic diseases, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes.

KW - ANGPTL4

KW - Energy metabolism

KW - Exercise

KW - FGF21

KW - Follistatin

KW - Hepatokines

KW - HSP72

KW - IGFBP

KW - Insulin resistance

KW - Liver

KW - Selenoprotein P

KW - Training

KW - Type 2 diabetes

U2 - 10.1007/s00424-018-2216-y

DO - 10.1007/s00424-018-2216-y

M3 - Review

C2 - 30338347

AN - SCOPUS:85055551932

VL - 471

SP - 383

EP - 396

JO - Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology

JF - Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology

SN - 0031-6768

IS - 3

ER -