As the prognoses of both heart and cancer patients have improved along with a longer life expectancy in the general population, the prevalence of both heart- and cancer diseases is increasing. Thus, a larger proportion of cancer patients will have cardiovascular co-morbidity and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications during and after cancer treatment. In this article, the current knowledge on the prevention, monitoring and treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by medical anti-cancer treatment with focus on anthracyclines, trastuzumab and 5-fluorouracil is described.