TY - JOUR

T1 - Genes affecting β-cell function in type 1 diabetes

AU - Fløyel, Tina

AU - Kaur, Simranjeet

AU - Pociot, Flemming

PY - 2015/11

Y1 - 2015/11

N2 - Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disease resulting from an immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Several environmental and genetic risk factors predispose to the disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified around 50 genetic regions that affect the risk of developing T1D, but the disease-causing variants and genes are still largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the current status of T1D susceptibility loci and candidate genes with focus on the β cell. At least 40 % of the genes in the T1D susceptibility loci are expressed in human islets and β cells, where they according to recent studies modulate the β-cell response to the immune system. As most of the risk variants map to noncoding regions of the genome, i.e., promoters, enhancers, intergenic regions, and noncoding genes, their possible involvement in T1D pathogenesis as gene regulators will also be addressed.

AB - Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disease resulting from an immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Several environmental and genetic risk factors predispose to the disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified around 50 genetic regions that affect the risk of developing T1D, but the disease-causing variants and genes are still largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the current status of T1D susceptibility loci and candidate genes with focus on the β cell. At least 40 % of the genes in the T1D susceptibility loci are expressed in human islets and β cells, where they according to recent studies modulate the β-cell response to the immune system. As most of the risk variants map to noncoding regions of the genome, i.e., promoters, enhancers, intergenic regions, and noncoding genes, their possible involvement in T1D pathogenesis as gene regulators will also be addressed.

KW - Animals

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

KW - Gene Expression Regulation

KW - Genome-Wide Association Study

KW - Humans

KW - Insulin

KW - Insulin-Secreting Cells

KW - RNA, Untranslated

U2 - 10.1007/s11892-015-0655-9

DO - 10.1007/s11892-015-0655-9

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 26391391

VL - 15

SP - 1

EP - 11

JO - Current Diabetes Reports

JF - Current Diabetes Reports

SN - 1534-4827

IS - 11

M1 - 15-97

ER -