European Validation of the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS): A Large Multinational and Multicenter Study
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Background: Negative symptoms are usually evaluated with scales based on observer ratings and up to now self-assessments have been overlooked. The aim of this paper was to validate the Self-evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS) in a large European sample coming from 12 countries. We wanted to demonstrate: (1) good convergent and divergent validities; (2) relationships between SNS scores and patients' functional outcome; (3) the capacity of the SNS compared to the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) to detect negative symptoms; and (4) a five-domain construct in relation to the 5 consensus domains (social withdrawal, anhedonia, alogia, avolition, blunted affect) as the best latent structure of SNS. Methods: Two hundred forty-five subjects with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia completed the SNS, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the BNSS, the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale. Spearman's Rho correlations, confirmatory factor analysis investigating 4 models of the latent structure of SNS and stepwise multiple regression were performed. Results: Significant positive correlations were observed between the total score of the SNS and the total scores of the PANSS negative subscale (r = 0.37; P < 0.0001) and the BNSS (r = 0.43; p < 0.0001). SNS scores did not correlate with the level of insight, parkinsonism, or the total score of the PANSS positive subscale. A positive correlation was found between SNS and CDSS (r = 0.35; p < 0.0001). Among the 5 SNS subscores, only avolition subscores entered the regression equation explaining a lower functional outcome. The 1-factor and 2-factor models provided poor fit, while the 5-factor model and the hierarchical model provided the best fit, with a small advantage of the 5-factor model. The frequency of each negative dimension was systematically higher using the BNSS and the SNS vs. the PANSS and was higher for alogia and avolition using SNS vs. BNSS. Conclusion: In a large European multicentric sample, this study demonstrated that the SNS has: (1) good psychometric properties with good convergent and divergent validities; (2) a five-factor latent structure; (3) an association with patients' functional outcome; and (4) the capacity to identify subjects with negative symptoms that is close to the BNSS and superior to the PANSS negative subscale.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 826465 |
| Tidsskrift | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| Vol/bind | 13 |
| Antal sider | 13 |
| ISSN | 1664-0640 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2022 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
This study was carried out within the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) Network on Schizophrenia Study on the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (ENSANeS). The following researchers collaborated to the study: Cansu Alp, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Psychotic Disorders Research Program, Istanbul, Turkey; Klaudia Domowicz, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Ann Faerden, NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Johannes Gehr, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jens Lysgaard Jørgensen, Clinical Nurse Man- ager, Psychiatric Center Køge, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Denmark; Ilja Kunz, Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry I, Innsbruck, Austria; Siv Hege Lyngstad, NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Eva Maihofer, 6th Psychiatric Department, Otto-Wagner-Spital, Vienna, Austria; LM, Department of Psychotic spectrum disorders, Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia; Alessia Nicita, Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; Sara Patriarca, Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Van- vitelli, Naples, Italy; Patricia Rößler, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Erik Simonsen, Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Denmark, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Funding Information:
Conflict of Interest: SD has been an expert and consultant or participated in educational conferences for the following industrial laboratories or companies: Gedeon Richter, Lundbeck Otsuka, Roche, Takeda, Fabre, Janssen, ONO Pharma, and Verasci. She also had a license agreement on SNS with MedAvante-ProPhase. AE received consulting fees and/or honoraria for speeches within the last 3 years from Angelini, AOP Orphan, Germania, Janssen, Krka, Lundbeck, Mylan, Neuraxpharm, Recordati, and Sandoz. SG has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from Millennium Pharmaceutical, Innova Pharma– Recordati Group, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Gedeon Richter-Recordati, Angelini, Lundbeck Italia, and Sunovion Pharmarmaceuticals. She has no other conflicts to disclose. AH has been a consultant for Recordati and participated in educational conferences for Janssen and Lundbeck. JH has received honoraria from Angelini, Lundbeck, and Servier. SK has received royalties for cognitive test and training software from Schuhfried. AM has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from Gedeon Richter Bulgaria, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, and Pierre Fabre. GS is president of the Austrian Society of Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, which is partially financed by the support from pharmaceutical companies. GS received consulting fees and/or honoraria for speeches within the last 3 years from Janssen, Lundbeck, Mylan, Recordati, and Schwabe. AÜ has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from Adeka, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Abdi Ibrahim Otsuka, Sanovel, and Biofarma.
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Copyright © 2022 Dollfus, Mucci, Giordano, Bitter, Austin, Delouche, Erfurth, Fleischhacker, Movina, Glenthøj, Gütter, Hofer, Hubenak, Kaiser, Libiger, Melle, Nielsen, Papsuev, Rybakowski, Sachs, Üçok, Brando, Wojciak and Galderisi.
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