Dissolved carbon leaching from soil is a crucial component of the net ecosystem carbon balance
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Dissolved carbon leaching from soil is a crucial component of the net ecosystem carbon balance. / Kindler, Reimo; Siemens, Jan; Kaiser, Klaus; Walmsley, David C.; Bernhofer, Christian; Buchmann, Nina; Cellier, Pierre; Eugster, Werner; Gleixner, Gerd; Grunwald, Thomas; Heim, Alexander; Ibrom, Andreas; Jones, Stephanie K.; Jones, Mike; Klumpp, Katja; Kutsch, Werner; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Lehuger, Simon; Loubet, Benjamin; McKenzie, Rebecca; Moors, Eddy; Osborne, Bruce; Pilegaard, Kim; Rebmann, Corinna; Saunders, Matthew; Schmidt, Michael W. I.; Schrumpf, Marion; Seyfferth, Janine; Skiba, Ute; Soussana, Jean-Francois; Sutton, Mark A.; Tefs, Cindy; Vowinckel, Bernhard; Zeeman, Matthias J.; Kaupenjohann, Martin.
I: Global Change Biology, Bind 17, Nr. 2, 2011, s. 1167-1185.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Dissolved carbon leaching from soil is a crucial component of the net ecosystem carbon balance
AU - Kindler, Reimo
AU - Siemens, Jan
AU - Kaiser, Klaus
AU - Walmsley, David C.
AU - Bernhofer, Christian
AU - Buchmann, Nina
AU - Cellier, Pierre
AU - Eugster, Werner
AU - Gleixner, Gerd
AU - Grunwald, Thomas
AU - Heim, Alexander
AU - Ibrom, Andreas
AU - Jones, Stephanie K.
AU - Jones, Mike
AU - Klumpp, Katja
AU - Kutsch, Werner
AU - Larsen, Klaus Steenberg
AU - Lehuger, Simon
AU - Loubet, Benjamin
AU - McKenzie, Rebecca
AU - Moors, Eddy
AU - Osborne, Bruce
AU - Pilegaard, Kim
AU - Rebmann, Corinna
AU - Saunders, Matthew
AU - Schmidt, Michael W. I.
AU - Schrumpf, Marion
AU - Seyfferth, Janine
AU - Skiba, Ute
AU - Soussana, Jean-Francois
AU - Sutton, Mark A.
AU - Tefs, Cindy
AU - Vowinckel, Bernhard
AU - Zeeman, Matthias J.
AU - Kaupenjohann, Martin
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Estimates of carbon leaching losses from different land use systems are few and their contribution to the net ecosystem carbon balance is uncertain. We investigated leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and dissolved methane (CH4), at forests, grasslands, and croplands across Europe. Biogenic contributions to DIC were estimated by means of its δ13C signature. Leaching of biogenic DIC was 8.3±4.9 g m−2 yr−1 for forests, 24.1±7.2 g m−2 yr−1 for grasslands, and 14.6±4.8 g m−2 yr−1 for croplands. DOC leaching equalled 3.5±1.3 g m−2 yr−1 for forests, 5.3±2.0 g m−2 yr−1 for grasslands, and 4.1±1.3 g m−2 yr−1 for croplands. The average flux of total biogenic carbon across land use systems was 19.4±4.0 g C m−2 yr−1. Production of DOC in topsoils was positively related to their C/N ratio and DOC retention in subsoils was inversely related to the ratio of organic carbon to iron plus aluminium (hydr)oxides. Partial pressures of CO2 in soil air and soil pH determined DIC concentrations and fluxes, but soil solutions were often supersaturated with DIC relative to soil air CO2. Leaching losses of biogenic carbon (DOC plus biogenic DIC) from grasslands equalled 5–98% (median: 22%) of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) plus carbon inputs with fertilization minus carbon removal with harvest. Carbon leaching increased the net losses from cropland soils by 24–105% (median: 25%). For the majority of forest sites, leaching hardly affected actual net ecosystem carbon balances because of the small solubility of CO2 in acidic forest soil solutions and large NEE. Leaching of CH4 proved to be insignificant compared with other fluxes of carbon. Overall, our results show that leaching losses are particularly important for the carbon balance of agricultural systems.
AB - Estimates of carbon leaching losses from different land use systems are few and their contribution to the net ecosystem carbon balance is uncertain. We investigated leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and dissolved methane (CH4), at forests, grasslands, and croplands across Europe. Biogenic contributions to DIC were estimated by means of its δ13C signature. Leaching of biogenic DIC was 8.3±4.9 g m−2 yr−1 for forests, 24.1±7.2 g m−2 yr−1 for grasslands, and 14.6±4.8 g m−2 yr−1 for croplands. DOC leaching equalled 3.5±1.3 g m−2 yr−1 for forests, 5.3±2.0 g m−2 yr−1 for grasslands, and 4.1±1.3 g m−2 yr−1 for croplands. The average flux of total biogenic carbon across land use systems was 19.4±4.0 g C m−2 yr−1. Production of DOC in topsoils was positively related to their C/N ratio and DOC retention in subsoils was inversely related to the ratio of organic carbon to iron plus aluminium (hydr)oxides. Partial pressures of CO2 in soil air and soil pH determined DIC concentrations and fluxes, but soil solutions were often supersaturated with DIC relative to soil air CO2. Leaching losses of biogenic carbon (DOC plus biogenic DIC) from grasslands equalled 5–98% (median: 22%) of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) plus carbon inputs with fertilization minus carbon removal with harvest. Carbon leaching increased the net losses from cropland soils by 24–105% (median: 25%). For the majority of forest sites, leaching hardly affected actual net ecosystem carbon balances because of the small solubility of CO2 in acidic forest soil solutions and large NEE. Leaching of CH4 proved to be insignificant compared with other fluxes of carbon. Overall, our results show that leaching losses are particularly important for the carbon balance of agricultural systems.
KW - carbon cycle
KW - carbon sequestration
KW - CH4
KW - DIC
KW - dissolved inorganic carbon
KW - dissolved organic carbon
KW - DOC
KW - methane
KW - net biome productivity
KW - net ecosystem exchange
U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02282.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02282.x
M3 - Journal article
VL - 17
SP - 1167
EP - 1185
JO - Global Change Biology
JF - Global Change Biology
SN - 1354-1013
IS - 2
ER -
ID: 165938739