CRISPR/Cas and Cmr modules, mobility and evolution of adaptive immune systems
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CRISPR/Cas and Cmr modules, mobility and evolution of adaptive immune systems. / Shah, Shiraz Ali; Garrett, Roger Antony.
I: Research in Microbiology, Bind 162, Nr. 1, 2011, s. 27-38.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - CRISPR/Cas and Cmr modules, mobility and evolution of adaptive immune systems
AU - Shah, Shiraz Ali
AU - Garrett, Roger Antony
N1 - © 2010 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - CRISPR/Cas and CRISPR/Cmr immune machineries of archaea and bacteria provide an adaptive and effective defence mechanism directed specifically against viruses and plasmids. Present data suggest that both CRISPR/Cas and Cmr modules can behave like integral genetic elements. They tend to be located in the more variable regions of chromosomes and are displaced by genome shuffling mechanisms including transposition. CRISPR loci may be broken up and dispersed in chromosomes by transposons with the potential for creating genetic novelty. Both CRISPR/Cas and Cmr modules appear to exchange readily between closely related organisms where they may be subjected to strong selective pressure. It is likely that this process occurs primarily via conjugative plasmids or chromosomal conjugation. It is inferred that interdomain transfer between archaea and bacteria has occurred, albeit very rarely, despite the significant barriers imposed by their differing conjugative, transcriptional and translational mechanisms. There are parallels between the CRISPR crRNAs and eukaryal siRNAs, most notably to germ cell piRNAs which are directed, with the help of effector proteins, to silence or destroy transposons. No homologous proteins are identifiable at a sequence level between eukaryal siRNA proteins and those of archaeal or bacterial CRISPR/Cas and Cmr modules.
AB - CRISPR/Cas and CRISPR/Cmr immune machineries of archaea and bacteria provide an adaptive and effective defence mechanism directed specifically against viruses and plasmids. Present data suggest that both CRISPR/Cas and Cmr modules can behave like integral genetic elements. They tend to be located in the more variable regions of chromosomes and are displaced by genome shuffling mechanisms including transposition. CRISPR loci may be broken up and dispersed in chromosomes by transposons with the potential for creating genetic novelty. Both CRISPR/Cas and Cmr modules appear to exchange readily between closely related organisms where they may be subjected to strong selective pressure. It is likely that this process occurs primarily via conjugative plasmids or chromosomal conjugation. It is inferred that interdomain transfer between archaea and bacteria has occurred, albeit very rarely, despite the significant barriers imposed by their differing conjugative, transcriptional and translational mechanisms. There are parallels between the CRISPR crRNAs and eukaryal siRNAs, most notably to germ cell piRNAs which are directed, with the help of effector proteins, to silence or destroy transposons. No homologous proteins are identifiable at a sequence level between eukaryal siRNA proteins and those of archaeal or bacterial CRISPR/Cas and Cmr modules.
KW - Archaea
KW - Gene Silencing
KW - Recombination, Genetic
KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
U2 - 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.09.001
DO - 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.09.001
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 20863886
VL - 162
SP - 27
EP - 38
JO - Research in Microbiology
JF - Research in Microbiology
SN - 0923-2508
IS - 1
ER -
ID: 33493733