Cholecystokinin and panic disorder: Reflections on the history and some unsolved questions
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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Cholecystokinin and panic disorder : Reflections on the history and some unsolved questions. / Rehfeld, Jens F.
I: Molecules, Bind 26, Nr. 18, 5657, 2021.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Cholecystokinin and panic disorder
T2 - Reflections on the history and some unsolved questions
AU - Rehfeld, Jens F.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - The classic gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) and its CCK2-receptor are expressed in almost all regions of the brain. This widespread expression makes CCK by far the most abundant peptidergic transmitter system in the brain. This CNS-ubiquity has, however, complicated the de-lineation of the roles of CCK peptides in normal brain functions and neuropsychiatric diseases. Nev-ertheless, the common panic disorder disease is apparently associated with CCK in the brain. Thus, the C-terminal tetrapeptide fragment of CCK (CCK-4) induces, by intravenous administration in a dose-related manner, panic attacks that are similar to the endogenous attacks in panic disorder pa-tients. This review describes the history behind the discovery of the panicogenic effect of CCK-4. Subsequently, the review discusses three unsettled questions about the involvement of cerebral CCK in the pathogenesis of anxiety and panic disorder, including therapeutic attempts with CCK2-receptor antagonists.
AB - The classic gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) and its CCK2-receptor are expressed in almost all regions of the brain. This widespread expression makes CCK by far the most abundant peptidergic transmitter system in the brain. This CNS-ubiquity has, however, complicated the de-lineation of the roles of CCK peptides in normal brain functions and neuropsychiatric diseases. Nev-ertheless, the common panic disorder disease is apparently associated with CCK in the brain. Thus, the C-terminal tetrapeptide fragment of CCK (CCK-4) induces, by intravenous administration in a dose-related manner, panic attacks that are similar to the endogenous attacks in panic disorder pa-tients. This review describes the history behind the discovery of the panicogenic effect of CCK-4. Subsequently, the review discusses three unsettled questions about the involvement of cerebral CCK in the pathogenesis of anxiety and panic disorder, including therapeutic attempts with CCK2-receptor antagonists.
KW - Anxiety
KW - Cholecystokinin (CCK)
KW - Neuropeptides
KW - Panic disorder
KW - Panicogenicity
KW - Peptidergic neurotransmission
U2 - 10.3390/molecules26185657
DO - 10.3390/molecules26185657
M3 - Review
C2 - 34577128
AN - SCOPUS:85115388691
VL - 26
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
SN - 1420-3049
IS - 18
M1 - 5657
ER -
ID: 303771231