Associations of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods with incidence of type 2 diabetes
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Associations of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods with incidence of type 2 diabetes. / Olsson, Kjell; Ramne, Stina; González-Padilla, Esther; Ericson, Ulrika; Sonestedt, Emily.
I: British Journal of Nutrition, Bind 126, Nr. 7, 2021, s. 1065-1075.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods with incidence of type 2 diabetes
AU - Olsson, Kjell
AU - Ramne, Stina
AU - González-Padilla, Esther
AU - Ericson, Ulrika
AU - Sonestedt, Emily
N1 - Funding Information: The study was funded by the Swedish Research Council (2016-01501), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (2016-0267 and 2019-0555) and the Albert Påhlsson Foundation. We also acknowledge the support provided by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (IRC15-0067). Publisher Copyright: Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Dietary carbohydrates have long been expected to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; however, the associations for many carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods remain inconclusive. This study analysed associations between intakes of six types of carbohydrates and thirteen carbohydrate-rich foods with incident type 2 diabetes in 26 622 participants (61 % women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in southern Sweden. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline (1991-1996) by using a modified diet history method. During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 cases were identified. Adjusting for potential confounders (including lifestyle, BMI and dietary factors), comparing highest v. lowest quintile of intake, monosaccharides (hazard ratio (HR) 0.88; 95 % CI 0.79, 0.98; Ptrend = 0.02) and fruits (HR 0.91; 95 % CI 0.82, 1.01; Ptrend = 0.03) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes, while disaccharides (HR 1.17; 95 % CI 1.04, 1.30; Ptrend = 0.002) and sweets (HR 1.09; 95 % CI 1.00, 1.19; Ptrend = 0.02) were positively associated. After stratification by sex, marmalade/honey/jam (HR 0.82; 95 % CI 0.72, 0.94; Ptrend < 0.001) and vegetables (HR 0.85; 95 % CI 0.73, 0.98; Ptrend = 0.06) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in men and chocolate (HR 1.26; 95 % CI 1.09, 1.46; Ptrend < 0.001) was positively associated in women. In conclusion, we identified inverse associations for intake of monosaccharides and fruits with type 2 diabetes risk, and positive associations for disaccharides and sweets. Additional sex-specific associations were also identified. Future studies are needed to explore these associations further.
AB - Dietary carbohydrates have long been expected to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; however, the associations for many carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods remain inconclusive. This study analysed associations between intakes of six types of carbohydrates and thirteen carbohydrate-rich foods with incident type 2 diabetes in 26 622 participants (61 % women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in southern Sweden. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline (1991-1996) by using a modified diet history method. During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 cases were identified. Adjusting for potential confounders (including lifestyle, BMI and dietary factors), comparing highest v. lowest quintile of intake, monosaccharides (hazard ratio (HR) 0.88; 95 % CI 0.79, 0.98; Ptrend = 0.02) and fruits (HR 0.91; 95 % CI 0.82, 1.01; Ptrend = 0.03) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes, while disaccharides (HR 1.17; 95 % CI 1.04, 1.30; Ptrend = 0.002) and sweets (HR 1.09; 95 % CI 1.00, 1.19; Ptrend = 0.02) were positively associated. After stratification by sex, marmalade/honey/jam (HR 0.82; 95 % CI 0.72, 0.94; Ptrend < 0.001) and vegetables (HR 0.85; 95 % CI 0.73, 0.98; Ptrend = 0.06) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in men and chocolate (HR 1.26; 95 % CI 1.09, 1.46; Ptrend < 0.001) was positively associated in women. In conclusion, we identified inverse associations for intake of monosaccharides and fruits with type 2 diabetes risk, and positive associations for disaccharides and sweets. Additional sex-specific associations were also identified. Future studies are needed to explore these associations further.
KW - Carbohydrate-rich foods
KW - Carbohydrates
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
KW - Type 2 diabetes
U2 - 10.1017/S0007114520005140
DO - 10.1017/S0007114520005140
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33355062
AN - SCOPUS:85098321291
VL - 126
SP - 1065
EP - 1075
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition
SN - 0007-1145
IS - 7
ER -
ID: 288802097