TY - JOUR

T1 - Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes

T2 - the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort

AU - Langmann, Fie

AU - Ibsen, Daniel B.

AU - Tjønneland, Anne

AU - Olsen, Anja

AU - Overvad, Kim

AU - Dahm, Christina C.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Purpose: Type 2 diabetes is a global health problem. While a healthy diet lowers risk of type 2 diabetes, less is known about diets with low climate impact. This study aimed to investigate adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of type 2 diabetes in a Danish setting. Methods: In the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, dietary data were collected using a validated 192-item food frequency questionnaire, at recruitment in 1993–1997. In total, 54,232 participants aged 50–64 years at baseline with no previous cancer or diabetes diagnoses were included in the current analyses. The EAT-Lancet diet score was used to assess adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet. Participants scored 0 (non-adherence) or 1 (adherence) point for each of the 14 dietary components of the diet score (range 0–14 points). Participants were followed through register linkage until type 2 diabetes diagnosis or censoring. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Results: During a median 15-year follow-up period, 7130 participants developed type 2 diabetes. The hazard ratio for developing type 2 diabetes was 0.78 (95% CI 0.71; 0.86) for those with highest EAT-Lancet diet scores (11–14 points) compared to those with lowest scores (0–7 points) after adjusting for potential confounders. After further adjusting for potential mediators, including BMI, the corresponding hazard ratio was 0.83 (95% CI 0.76; 0.92). Conclusion: Greater adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a middle-aged Danish population.

AB - Purpose: Type 2 diabetes is a global health problem. While a healthy diet lowers risk of type 2 diabetes, less is known about diets with low climate impact. This study aimed to investigate adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of type 2 diabetes in a Danish setting. Methods: In the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, dietary data were collected using a validated 192-item food frequency questionnaire, at recruitment in 1993–1997. In total, 54,232 participants aged 50–64 years at baseline with no previous cancer or diabetes diagnoses were included in the current analyses. The EAT-Lancet diet score was used to assess adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet. Participants scored 0 (non-adherence) or 1 (adherence) point for each of the 14 dietary components of the diet score (range 0–14 points). Participants were followed through register linkage until type 2 diabetes diagnosis or censoring. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Results: During a median 15-year follow-up period, 7130 participants developed type 2 diabetes. The hazard ratio for developing type 2 diabetes was 0.78 (95% CI 0.71; 0.86) for those with highest EAT-Lancet diet scores (11–14 points) compared to those with lowest scores (0–7 points) after adjusting for potential confounders. After further adjusting for potential mediators, including BMI, the corresponding hazard ratio was 0.83 (95% CI 0.76; 0.92). Conclusion: Greater adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a middle-aged Danish population.

KW - Cohort study

KW - EAT-Lancet diet

KW - Epidemiology

KW - Sustainable dietary patterns

KW - Type 2 diabetes mellitus

U2 - 10.1007/s00394-023-03090-3

DO - 10.1007/s00394-023-03090-3

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 36688993

AN - SCOPUS:85146710019

VL - 62

SP - 1493

EP - 1502

JO - European Journal of Nutrition

JF - European Journal of Nutrition

SN - 1436-6207

ER -