Unique horizontal gaze control in the box jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora
Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Standard
Unique horizontal gaze control in the box jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora. / Wiisbye, Sofus Halkjaer; Garm, Anders.
In: Vision Research, Vol. 203, 108159, 2023.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Unique horizontal gaze control in the box jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora
AU - Wiisbye, Sofus Halkjaer
AU - Garm, Anders
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - All known cubozoans, box jellyfish, have a similar visual system. They possess four sensory structures called rhopalia, which carry-six eyes each. Two of these six eyes are true image-forming camera type eyes in several ways similar to vertebrate eyes. The rhopalia hang by a thin flexible stalk and in the distal end, there is a high -density crystal. In an earlier study of the Caribbean species Tripedalia cystophora, we showed that the crystals act as weights ensuring that the rhopalia are always upright no matter the orientation of the medusa and the vertical part of the visual field of the eyes thus kept relatively constant. Here we have examined the horizontal part of the visual field under different experimental conditions including different visual environments. We find that the horizontal gaze direction is largely controlled by the anatomy of the rhopalium and rhopalial stalk, similar to what has previously been shown for the vertical gaze direction. In a vertically oriented medusa, the rhopalia are kept with a 90 degrees angle between them with the lower lens eyes (LLE) pointing inwards. This 90 degrees shift is kept in horizontally swimming medusa, resulting in the left LLE gazing right, the right gazing left, the bottom gazing orally (backwards compared to swimming direction), and the top LLE gazing aborally (forwards compared to swimming direction). The light environment was manipulated to test if the visual input influences this seemingly strict horizontal gaze direction but even in complete darkness there is tight mechanistic control.
AB - All known cubozoans, box jellyfish, have a similar visual system. They possess four sensory structures called rhopalia, which carry-six eyes each. Two of these six eyes are true image-forming camera type eyes in several ways similar to vertebrate eyes. The rhopalia hang by a thin flexible stalk and in the distal end, there is a high -density crystal. In an earlier study of the Caribbean species Tripedalia cystophora, we showed that the crystals act as weights ensuring that the rhopalia are always upright no matter the orientation of the medusa and the vertical part of the visual field of the eyes thus kept relatively constant. Here we have examined the horizontal part of the visual field under different experimental conditions including different visual environments. We find that the horizontal gaze direction is largely controlled by the anatomy of the rhopalium and rhopalial stalk, similar to what has previously been shown for the vertical gaze direction. In a vertically oriented medusa, the rhopalia are kept with a 90 degrees angle between them with the lower lens eyes (LLE) pointing inwards. This 90 degrees shift is kept in horizontally swimming medusa, resulting in the left LLE gazing right, the right gazing left, the bottom gazing orally (backwards compared to swimming direction), and the top LLE gazing aborally (forwards compared to swimming direction). The light environment was manipulated to test if the visual input influences this seemingly strict horizontal gaze direction but even in complete darkness there is tight mechanistic control.
KW - Cubozoa
KW - Vision
KW - Eyes
KW - Visual field
KW - JELLYFISH TRIPEDALIA-CYSTOPHORA
KW - CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM
KW - FINE-STRUCTURE
KW - EYE-MOVEMENTS
KW - VISION
KW - CUBOMEDUSAN
KW - CNIDARIA
KW - STARFISH
KW - OPTICS
KW - OCELLI
U2 - 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108159
DO - 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108159
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36516604
VL - 203
JO - Vision Research
JF - Vision Research
SN - 0042-6989
M1 - 108159
ER -
ID: 333474362