Tic disorders in children and adolescents: does the clinical presentation differ in males and females? A report by the EMTICS group
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Tic disorders in children and adolescents : does the clinical presentation differ in males and females? A report by the EMTICS group. / Garcia-Delgar, Blanca; Servera, Mateu; Coffey, Barbara J; Lázaro, Luisa; Openneer, Thaïra J C; Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa; Steinberg, Tami; Hoekstra, Pieter J; Dietrich, Andrea; Morer, Astrid; Apter, Alan; Baglioni, Valentina; Ball, Juliane; Bognar, Emese; Burger, Bianka; Buse, Judith; Cardona, Francesco; Vela, Marta Correa; Debes, Nanette M.; Ferro, Maria Cristina; Fremer, Carolin; Garcia-Delgar, Blanca; Gulisano, Mariangela; Hagen, Annelieke; Hagstrøm, Julie; Hedderly, Tammy J.; Heyman, Isobel; Huyser, Chaim; Madruga-Garrido, Marcos; Marotta, Anna; Martino, Davide; Mir, Pablo; Müller, Norbert; Müller-Vahl, Kirsten; Münchau, Alexander; Nagy, Peter; Neri, Valeria; Openneer, Thaïra J.C.; Pellico, Alessandra; Plessen, Kerstin J.; Porcelli, Cesare; Rizzo, Renata; Roessner, Veit; Ruhrman, Daphna; Schnell, Jaana M.L.; Silvestri, Paola Rosaria; Skov, Liselotte; Steinberg, Tamar; Gloor, Friederike Tagwerker; Tarnok, Zsanett; on behalf of the EMTICS collaborative group.
In: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 31, 2022, p. 1539–1548.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Tic disorders in children and adolescents
T2 - does the clinical presentation differ in males and females? A report by the EMTICS group
AU - Garcia-Delgar, Blanca
AU - Servera, Mateu
AU - Coffey, Barbara J
AU - Lázaro, Luisa
AU - Openneer, Thaïra J C
AU - Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa
AU - Steinberg, Tami
AU - Hoekstra, Pieter J
AU - Dietrich, Andrea
AU - Morer, Astrid
AU - Apter, Alan
AU - Baglioni, Valentina
AU - Ball, Juliane
AU - Bognar, Emese
AU - Burger, Bianka
AU - Buse, Judith
AU - Cardona, Francesco
AU - Vela, Marta Correa
AU - Debes, Nanette M.
AU - Ferro, Maria Cristina
AU - Fremer, Carolin
AU - Garcia-Delgar, Blanca
AU - Gulisano, Mariangela
AU - Hagen, Annelieke
AU - Hagstrøm, Julie
AU - Hedderly, Tammy J.
AU - Heyman, Isobel
AU - Huyser, Chaim
AU - Madruga-Garrido, Marcos
AU - Marotta, Anna
AU - Martino, Davide
AU - Mir, Pablo
AU - Müller, Norbert
AU - Müller-Vahl, Kirsten
AU - Münchau, Alexander
AU - Nagy, Peter
AU - Neri, Valeria
AU - Openneer, Thaïra J.C.
AU - Pellico, Alessandra
AU - Plessen, Kerstin J.
AU - Porcelli, Cesare
AU - Rizzo, Renata
AU - Roessner, Veit
AU - Ruhrman, Daphna
AU - Schnell, Jaana M.L.
AU - Silvestri, Paola Rosaria
AU - Skov, Liselotte
AU - Steinberg, Tamar
AU - Gloor, Friederike Tagwerker
AU - Tarnok, Zsanett
AU - on behalf of the EMTICS collaborative group
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Tic disorders have a strong male predominance, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1 in Tourette syndrome (TS) and 2:1 in persistent tic disorders. In other neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the disparity in sex distribution has been partially related to differences in symptom presentation between males and females. In tic disorders, however, little research has been conducted on this topic, probably due to the limited access to large samples with a significant proportion of females. The aim of this study was to describe sex differences in the clinical presentation of tic disorders in children and adolescents in one of the largest pediatric samples with TS/persistent tic disorders (n = 709, 23.3% females) recruited as part of the European Multicenter Tics in Children Study (EMTICS). Validated measures assessed the severity of tics and comorbid psychiatric symptoms. Using mixed-effect models, we found that sex had a significant influence on the severity of tics, ADHD symptoms, ASD symptoms, and emotional problems. Males had more severe symptoms than females, except for emotional problems. We also observed a statistically significant interaction between sex and age on the severity of tics and compulsions, with females showing higher symptom severity with increasing age than males. These findings indicate that the clinical presentation of TS/persistent tic disorders varies with sex. Males seem to exhibit a more noticeable pattern of clinical symptoms at a younger age that may contribute to their earlier detection in comparison to females.
AB - Tic disorders have a strong male predominance, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1 in Tourette syndrome (TS) and 2:1 in persistent tic disorders. In other neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the disparity in sex distribution has been partially related to differences in symptom presentation between males and females. In tic disorders, however, little research has been conducted on this topic, probably due to the limited access to large samples with a significant proportion of females. The aim of this study was to describe sex differences in the clinical presentation of tic disorders in children and adolescents in one of the largest pediatric samples with TS/persistent tic disorders (n = 709, 23.3% females) recruited as part of the European Multicenter Tics in Children Study (EMTICS). Validated measures assessed the severity of tics and comorbid psychiatric symptoms. Using mixed-effect models, we found that sex had a significant influence on the severity of tics, ADHD symptoms, ASD symptoms, and emotional problems. Males had more severe symptoms than females, except for emotional problems. We also observed a statistically significant interaction between sex and age on the severity of tics and compulsions, with females showing higher symptom severity with increasing age than males. These findings indicate that the clinical presentation of TS/persistent tic disorders varies with sex. Males seem to exhibit a more noticeable pattern of clinical symptoms at a younger age that may contribute to their earlier detection in comparison to females.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Children
KW - Sex differences
KW - Tourette syndrome
U2 - 10.1007/s00787-021-01751-4
DO - 10.1007/s00787-021-01751-4
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33944988
AN - SCOPUS:85105525247
VL - 31
SP - 1539
EP - 1548
JO - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Supplement
JF - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Supplement
SN - 1433-5719
ER -
ID: 302456010