The Positivism Paradigm of Research
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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The Positivism Paradigm of Research. / Park, Yoon Soo; Konge, Lars; Artino, Anthony R.
In: Academic Medicine, Vol. 95, No. 5, 2020, p. 690-694.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The Positivism Paradigm of Research
AU - Park, Yoon Soo
AU - Konge, Lars
AU - Artino, Anthony R.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Research paradigms guide scientific discoveries through their assumptions and principles. Understanding paradigm-specific assumptions helps illuminate the quality of findings that support scientific studies and identify gaps in generating sound evidence. This article focuses on the research paradigm of positivism, examining its definition, history, and assumptions (ontology, epistemology, axiology, methodology, and rigor). Positivism is aligned with the hypothetico-deductive model of science that builds on verifying a priori hypotheses and experimentation by operationalizing variables and measures; results from hypothesis testing are used to inform and advance science. Studies aligned with positivism generally focus on identifying explanatory associations or causal relationships through quantitative approaches, where empirically based findings from large sample sizes are favored - in this regard, generalizable inferences, replication of findings, and controlled experimentation have been principles guiding positivist science. Criteria for evaluating the quality of positivist research are discussed. An example from health professions education is provided to guide positivist thinking in study design and implementation.
AB - Research paradigms guide scientific discoveries through their assumptions and principles. Understanding paradigm-specific assumptions helps illuminate the quality of findings that support scientific studies and identify gaps in generating sound evidence. This article focuses on the research paradigm of positivism, examining its definition, history, and assumptions (ontology, epistemology, axiology, methodology, and rigor). Positivism is aligned with the hypothetico-deductive model of science that builds on verifying a priori hypotheses and experimentation by operationalizing variables and measures; results from hypothesis testing are used to inform and advance science. Studies aligned with positivism generally focus on identifying explanatory associations or causal relationships through quantitative approaches, where empirically based findings from large sample sizes are favored - in this regard, generalizable inferences, replication of findings, and controlled experimentation have been principles guiding positivist science. Criteria for evaluating the quality of positivist research are discussed. An example from health professions education is provided to guide positivist thinking in study design and implementation.
U2 - 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003093
DO - 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003093
M3 - Review
C2 - 31789841
AN - SCOPUS:85084152395
VL - 95
SP - 690
EP - 694
JO - Academic Medicine
JF - Academic Medicine
SN - 1040-2446
IS - 5
ER -
ID: 258377902