Sex differences in health care expenditures and mortality after spousal bereavement: A register-based Danish cohort study
Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Standard
Sex differences in health care expenditures and mortality after spousal bereavement : A register-based Danish cohort study. / Katsiferis, Alexandros; Bhatt, Samir; Mortensen, Laust Hvas; Mishra, Swapnil; Westendorp, Rudi G. J.
In: PLoS ONE, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2023.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex differences in health care expenditures and mortality after spousal bereavement
T2 - A register-based Danish cohort study
AU - Katsiferis, Alexandros
AU - Bhatt, Samir
AU - Mortensen, Laust Hvas
AU - Mishra, Swapnil
AU - Westendorp, Rudi G. J.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - BackgroundSpousal bereavement is a life event that affects older people differently. We investigated the impact of spousal bereavement on medical expenditures and mortality in the general population, emphasizing on age and sex.MethodsData are from a population-based, retrospective cohort study following 924,958 Danish citizens over the age of 65 years, within 2011–2016. Changes in health care expenditures in those who suffer bereavement were compared with time matched changes among those who did not. Mortality hazards were analysed with time to event analysis.ResultsA total of 77,722 (~8.4%) individuals experienced bereavement, 65.8% being females. Among males, bereavement was associated with increase of expenditures the year after, that was 42 Euros per week (95% CI, 36 to 48) larger than the non-bereaved group. The corresponding increase for females was 35 Euros per week (95% CI, 30 to 40). The increase of mortality hazards was highest in the first year after bereavement, higher in males than females, in young old and almost absent in the oldest old. Compared with the reference, mortality the year after spousal loss was 70% higher (HR 1.70 [95% CI 1.40 to 2.08]) for males aged 65–69 years and remained elevated for a period of six years. Mortality for females aged 65–69 years was 27% higher in the first year (HR 1.27, [1.07 to 1.52]), normalizing thereafter.ConclusionBereavement affects older people differently with younger males being most frail with limited recovery potential.
AB - BackgroundSpousal bereavement is a life event that affects older people differently. We investigated the impact of spousal bereavement on medical expenditures and mortality in the general population, emphasizing on age and sex.MethodsData are from a population-based, retrospective cohort study following 924,958 Danish citizens over the age of 65 years, within 2011–2016. Changes in health care expenditures in those who suffer bereavement were compared with time matched changes among those who did not. Mortality hazards were analysed with time to event analysis.ResultsA total of 77,722 (~8.4%) individuals experienced bereavement, 65.8% being females. Among males, bereavement was associated with increase of expenditures the year after, that was 42 Euros per week (95% CI, 36 to 48) larger than the non-bereaved group. The corresponding increase for females was 35 Euros per week (95% CI, 30 to 40). The increase of mortality hazards was highest in the first year after bereavement, higher in males than females, in young old and almost absent in the oldest old. Compared with the reference, mortality the year after spousal loss was 70% higher (HR 1.70 [95% CI 1.40 to 2.08]) for males aged 65–69 years and remained elevated for a period of six years. Mortality for females aged 65–69 years was 27% higher in the first year (HR 1.27, [1.07 to 1.52]), normalizing thereafter.ConclusionBereavement affects older people differently with younger males being most frail with limited recovery potential.
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0282892
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0282892
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36947502
VL - 18
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
SN - 1932-6203
IS - 3
ER -
ID: 339919548